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XVVA3STRA7^ 


COMPII.CI)  HY 

M>HN  I.  FLINN. 


-  ,<)  : 

i  ;T. 


Donohue  &  Henneberry 

Printers 
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Paper  binding,  50  cts.;  cloth  binding,  $1;  morocco  binding, 
$2;  beautifully  illustrated  and  embellished  with  maps. 

FLINN'S 

HAND  BOOK  OF  THE  WORLD'S  COLUMBIAN 
EXPOSITION. 

Paper  binding,   50  cts.;  cloth  binding,  75  cts.;  morocco 

binding,  $1.    Beautiful  full-page,  half-tone 

illustrations  of  Fair  Buildings. 

FLINNS, 

GUIDE  TO  THE  WORLD'S  FAIR  BUILDINGS 
AND  GROUNDS. 

Paper  binding.    10  cts.     Elegant    full-page,    half-tone 
engravings  of  the  World's  Fair  Buldings. 

Any  of  the  above  books  sent,  postage  prepaid,  to  any  part 
of  the  world  on  receipt  of  price. 

Address, 
THE  STANDARD  GUIDE  CO., 

358  Dearborn  St., 
CHICAGO,  U.  S.  A. 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.! 

ADMINISTRATION  BUILDING,  WORLD'S  COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION. 
LSpecimen  Engraving  from  Flinn's  "Hand-Book  of  The  World's  Columbian  Expos. tion."J 


INTENDING  VISITORS  TO  THE  FAIR  MAY  RESERVE  ROOMS  IN  AD- 
VANCE, WITHOUT  EXTRACHARGE.FOR  ANY  PORTION  OFTHESEASON. 
BY  CO  YIMJNI  GATING  WITH  THE  GENERAL  OFFICE. 

THE  COLUMBIAN  UNION  OF  HOTELS 

Strictly  First= Class;  Conducted  on  the  European  (plan. 
INCLUDES  THE  FOLLOWING: 


Our   Hotels  are  permanent  structures  of  Stone,  Brick  and  Iron. 

THE  COLUMBIAN  CENTRAL  HOTEL. 

NOS.  259  TO  271  SIXTY-SECOND  ST. 

This  fine  Brick  and  Stone  Structure,  which  will  he  opened  for 
business  MAY  1st,  1893,  is  500  feet  from  the  Central  World's  Fair 
gate  at  Sixty-Second  Street,  within  a  hlock  of  the  Elevated  Railroad 
and  the  Illinois  Central  and  Michigan  Central  Railroads,  and  but  200 
feet  from  the  principal  loop  of  the  Chicago  City  Street  Railway  Com- 
pany, connecting  with  Cottage  Grove  and  State  Street  Cables.  No 
more  desirable  location  possible.  Visitors  to  the  Fair  require  no 
transportation  between  the  Hotel  and  the  Exposition,  andean  visit  the 
Down  Town  District  for  a  five  cent  fare,  with  plenty  of  empty  scuts 
DOWN  in  the  forenoon  and  UP  in  the  afternoon,  as  the  crowds  aiv 
then  going  in  the  opposite  direction. 

THE  MONTREAL. 

NOS.  6234-  TO  6242  MADISON  AVE. 

Only  two  blocks  from  three  principal  entrances  to  the  Fair,  about 
200  feet  from  the  Alley  Elevated  Road,  at  tJ3d  St,  and  Madison  Ave., 
and  only  twice  the  distance  from  the  Woodlawri,  03d  Street  "Illinois 
Central"  Station. 


THE  WESTERN  RESERVE  HOTEL. 

NOS.  6345  AND  6347  WHARTON  AVE. 

Fine  ne-w  Brick  structure,  little  over  half  a  mile  from  the  Central 
entrance  to  Fair  at  62d  Street  and  Stony  Island  Avenue,  and  but  a 
few  blocks  from  two  principal  gates  to  the  Midway  Plaisance  portion. 
Here  the  visitor  can  be  retired  and  quiet,  and  yet  within  a  short  walk 
of  everything  of  interest,  and  of  all  lines  of  local  transportation  in 
every  direction.  We  would  advise  visitors  to  reserve  rooms  in  advance. 
No  extra  charge. 


HOTEL   ALFONSO. 

NOS    222.  224,226   AND   228  SIXTY-THIRD   STREET. 

Less  than  300  feet  from  the  Transportation  Building  of  the 
World's  Fair  and  in  the  very  midst  of  everything  the  visitor  desires  to 
see  and  at  the  termini  of  all  lines  of  local  travel  to  the  center  of  the  city, 
to  Englewood,  to  South  Chicago  or  Pullman.  Built  of  Brick,  Stone 
and  Iron. 

For  Descriptive  Matter  and  Rates,  Guide  Maps,  Etc.,  Write  to 

C.  E.  DORN  &  CO., 

PROPRIETORS  AND  BUSINESS  MANAGERS, 

General  Office,  Cor.  62d  Street  and  Stony  Island  Avenue, 
(at  Entrance  to  Exposition.) 

•^- *->•  CHICAGO. 

Bank  and  other  references,  both  City  and  Country,  on  request. 
Our  Guide  Map  shows  location  of  our  Hotels,  the  World's  Fair  Build- 
ings and  how  to  reach  them. 


GUIDE 


TO    THK 


WORLD'S  FfUR 

GROUNDS,    BUILDINGS  AND   ATTRACTIONS. 


ILLUSTRATED. 


DIVIDED   INTO   SEVEN    PRINCIPAL   GROUPS   AND    ROUTES. 

A  HANDY  REFERENCE  BOOK 

FOR  EVERYBODY. 


COMPII.KI)    }iY 

JOHN  J.   FLINN. 


CHICAGO  ! 

THE  STANDARD  GUIDE  COMPANY, 
358  DEARBORN   ST 


Entered  according  to  the  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1893,   by 

THE  STANDARD  GUIDE  COMPANY 

JOHN  J.  FLINN,  W.  S.  SHEPPARD, 

President.  Secretary  and  Treasurer 

In  the  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  at  Washington,  D.  C. 


All  Rights  of  Translation  Reserved. 


We  are  indebted  to  the  courtesy  of  the  CHICAGO  GRAPHIC  for  the  use  of  the 
originals  of  many  of  the  engravings  used  in  this  book. 


THE  WORLD'S  COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION. 

CHICAGO,  1893. 


The  gates  of  the  greatest  universal  Exposition  the  world  has  ever  seen 
are  open.  These  gates  may  be  found  at  intervals  around  the  entire  en- 
closure, excepting  at  the  north  end.  I  propose  to  conduct  you  through 
the  grounds  and  buildings,  and,  for  the  sake  of  convenience,  I  have  di- 
vided the  grounds  into  six  general  sections  and  the  buildings  into  seven 
general  groups.  The  map  accompanying  this  Guide  Book  should  be 
studied  carefully  by  the  visitor,  in  advance.  Get  the  location  of  the  start- 
ing points  fixed  in  your  mind,  and  there  will  be  no  danger  of  confusion 
afterward.  You  may  select  any  one  of  the  six  groups  for  your  day's  itin- 
erary. I  have  thought  it  best,  however,  to  begin  with  the  group  compris- 
ing the  buildings  and  grounds  of  the  States  and  Territories  of  the  Amer- 
can  Union. 

May  1,  1893. 

The  State  Buildings  are  all  grouped  around  the  lagoon,  the  Illinois 
Building,  and  the  Art  Galleries  in  the  northern  portion  of  the  grounds. 
The  New  England  States  are  grouped  on  the  lake  shore  directly  east  of 
the  entrance  of  the  route  marked  on  map  and  north  of  the  Art  Gallery 
Annex.  The  buildings  of  the  southern  States  are  grouped  directly  east 
of  entrance  of  route  marked  on  map  and  north  of  Western  annex  of  Art 
Galleries.  The  location  of  the  buildings  of  the  Territories  of  the  United 
States  is  northeast  of  the  entrance  of  route  marked  on  map  and  at  the 
northern  extremity  of  the  grounds.  The  buildings  are  ranged  between 
the  Texas  and  Iowa  structures. 

GROUP  NO.  I. 

STATE  AND  TERRITORIAL  BUILDINGS. 

ENTRANCE  —  Foot  of  57th  Street;  may  be  reached  by  I.  C.  R.  R.,  or 
by  Cottage  Grove  Ave.  Cable  line.  Time  from  center  of  city  by  former 
about  twenty  minutes ;  by  latter  about  forty-five  minutes.  Ticket  booths 
at  entrance.  Admission  50  cents.  Pass  to  the  right  through  the  nearest 
turnstile.  On  entering  you  cross  over  a  pretty  bridge,  spanning  a  small 
pond.  First  structure  to  the  right. 

SOUTH  DAKOTA  BUILDING. —  Built  in  the  style  of  an  old  French  farm- 
house ;  walls  of  brick ;  dimensions  60x72  feet ;  assembly  hall  on  first  floor, 
with  towering  mantels  and  fireplaces  at  either  end.  Cost  of  building  and 
furnishings  about  $125,000.  A  club  house  for  the  entertainment  of  South 
Dakotans  and  visiting  friends.  Turning  the  corner  around  this  beautiful 
structure  you  come  to  the 

WASHINGTON  BUILDING. —  This  is  a  unique  structure  composed  entire- 
ly of  material  brought  from  this  great  northwest  Pacific  State,  and  forms 
in  itself  an  exhibit  of  the  buildings,  materials  and  industries  peculiar  to 
that  young  and  vigorous  commonwealth ;  dimensions  220x140  feet ;  exte- 
rior of  timber  from  the  Puget  Sound  region.  Lumber  donated  by  the 
State  Lumbermen's  Association  of  Washington ;  main  entrance  one  of 
the  principal  features  of  the  building ;  of  granite,  marble  and  ore  quar- 


12  GUIDE  TO  THE  WORLD'S   FAIR 

ried  in  the  State.  In  addition  to  private  contributions  the  State  expend- 
ed $50,000  in  constructing  and  elaborating-  the  details  of  the  building. 
The  structure  is  surmounted  by  a  flagstaff  175  feet  high.  There  are 
four  towers  of  unique  design.  The  interior  contains  a  vast  number  of  cu- 
rious, interesting  and  instructive  exhibits.  All  are  welcome.  Next  in 
order  is  the 

OREGON  BUILDING.  —  A  structure  which  fittingly  represents  this 
wealthy  and  prosperous  State.  The  legislature  voted  $60,000  to  cover  the 
cost  of  Oregon's  exhibit,  but  only  a  portion  of  this  was  used  for  the  build- 
ing. Passing  on,  we  come  next  to  the 

COLORADO  BUILDING. —  A  granite  and  marble  palace.  The  Colorado 
Marble  and  Mining  Company  contributed  the  material  for  the  building. 
The  people  of  Colorado  were  early  in  the  field  and  in  addition  to  the  pro- 
duction of  a  beautiful  building  they  have  filled  it  with  specimens  of  the 
mineral,  agricultural  and  the  industrial  products  of  the  State  in  great 
abundance.  We  pass  on  to  the 

CALIFORNIA  BUILDING. —  This  structure  is  one  of  the  most  attractive 
and  unique  on  the  grounds.  It  is  characteristic  of  the  golden  State,  and 
particularly  representative  of  the  old  Spanish  days  before  California  be- 
came a  part  of  the  American  Union.  The  building  is  a  composite  struc- 
ture in  style  representing  both  the  old  Adobe  mission,  with  enough  Moor- 
ish in  its  architecture  to  relieve  the  somewhat  sombre  effect.  There  is  a 
charming  simplicity  of  details  throughout.  The  visitor  sees  from  the 
outside  a  clear  story  with  a  great  flat  central  dome  as  the  crowning  feat- 
ure and  the  roof  garden  to  heighten  the  semi-tropical  effect.  From  the 
ground  to  the  eaves  is  50  feet,  and  to  the  highest  point  of  the  roof  proper, 
65  feet,  while  the  dome  has  an  elevation  of  80  feet.  The  portions  of  the 
roof  not  devoted  to  the  garden  are  closely  copied  from  the  quaint  adobe 
buildings  of  the  early  Spanish  settlements,  with  genuine  earthenware 
tiles,  deep  red  in  color,  semi-cylindrical  and  overlapping.  The  dome  and 
middle  portion  are  tiled  with  iron  plates,  curled  and  shaped  like  the  orig- 
inal roofing.  The  material  of  the  walls  is  wood,  staff  covered,  in  imita- 
tion of  the  yellowish  Adobe  of  the  old  age.  On  the  four  corners  and 
flanking  the  dome  are  towers  designed  after  the  Mission  belfrey,  and  in 
them  are  swung  some  of  the  old  Spanish  bells  that  have  outlived  the 
Fades  and  their  crumbling  churches.  The  interior  carries  a  gallery  giv- 
ing an  area  equal  to  two-thirds  of  the  ground  floor.  This  is  set  apart  for 
offices,  which  are  grouped  so  as  to  command  a  clear  view  of  the  main 
floor.  The  ground  plan  is  one  vast  exhibition  hall  in  which  is  displayed 
the  products  which  have  made  California  famous.  Total  floor  space  100,- 
000  square  feet,  of  which  the  gallery  affords  40,000,  the  extreme  measure- 
ments of  the  building  being  500  x  110  feet  main  width.  Cost  of  the  build- 
ing $75,000.  Passing  around  the  avenue  and  facing  north,  we  find  to  our 
right  the  great 

ILLINOIS  BUILDING. —  This  is  the  greatest  State  building  of  the  group 
and  ranks  among  the  main  buildings  of  the  Exposition.  It  occupies  one 
of  the  most  favored  spots  on  the  grounds,  where  to  the  south,  a  view  is 
afforded  the  visitor  of  nearly  one  mile  over  the  beautiful  lagoon,  the 


GROUNDS   AND  BUILDINGS.  13 

wooded  island  and  the  great  building's  of  the  Exposition  in  perspective. 
Cost  of  building  $250,000.  Height  with  its  dome  200  feet.  Grand  entrance 
faces  the  waterway.  The  structure  is  placed  on  a  terrace  four  feet  high 
and  in  front  of  the  entrances  there  are  stone  terraces  with  railings  and 
sub-structure.  The  main  features  are  the  terraces  north  and  south, 
the  south  more  important  of  the  two,  as  from  this  point  may  be  viewed  a 
panorama  of  nearly  all  of  the  great  main  buildings  as  well  as  of  the  beau- 
tiful waterway  and  the  Japanese  buildings  on  the  wooded  island.  The 
building  is  embellished  with  fine  carving  and  statuary,  the  material  being 
cast  blocks  of  improved  composition.  To  some  extent,  it  is  modeled  after 
the  State  Capitol  of  Illinois,  at  Springfield.  Its  dome  has  been  somewhat 
severely  criticised  because  of  its  want  of  proportion,  but  this,  however,  is 
due  to  the  fact  that  it  is  out  of  proportion  not  to  the  Illinois  building  its- 
self,  so  much  as  to  the  great  domes  of  the  main  buildings.  The  building 
is  splendidly  lighted  and  ventilated.  Inside  this  building  may  be  found 
exhibits  of  the  peculiar  products,  industries  and  arts  of  Illinois.  There  is 
a  great  display  of  native  woods  in  the  pavilion  structures ;  a  magnificent 
grotto,  topographical,  geographical  and  educational  exhibits.  The  build- 
ing is  open  to  all  at  all  hours.  The  memorial  hall  and  school  are  worthy 
of  a  visit.  Fountains  and  flowers  decorate  the  adjacent  grouuds  and  the 
allegorical  statuary  of  the  building  is  particularly  worthy  of  notice. 
Walking  toward  the  north  and  passing  the  California  Building  to  the  left, 
we  come  to  the 

INDIANA  BUILDING. — This  structure  cost  $25,000,  is  built  of  Indiana 
material  exclusively,  and  contains  about  6,000  square  feet  of  floor  space. 
The  outside  walls  are  of  stone,  pressed  brick  and  terra  cotta ;  the  roof  of 
tile  and  iron.  Inside  finish  highly  ornamental,  of  plate,  beveled  and 
looking  glass,  hardwood  and  encaustic  tile.  The  building  serves  the  pur- 
poses of  displaying  in  its  construction  the  building  material  of  Indiana, 
as  an  exhibit  of  Indiana's  products,  and  a  club  house  for  the  residents  of 
the  State  and  their  guests  at  the  Exposition.  It  has  ladies'  and  gentle- 
men's rooms,  lavatories,  baggage  rooms,  dining  and  lunch  rooms,  etc. 
Passing  on,  still  toward  the  north,  we  come  to  the 

WISCONSIN  BUILDING. —  This  is  a  handsome  structure.  It  is  commo- 
dious, and  the  interior  is  arranged  with  special  reference  to  the  products 
of  this  wealthy  State,  which  in  variety  and  character  make  the  exhibit 
one  of  the  most  attractive  and  interesting  to  be  seen  at  the  Fair.  It  is 
two  stories  high,  with  not  less  than  10,000  feet  of  floor  space  exclusive  of 
porches.  The  whole  structure  is  built  of  Wisconsin  material.  The  exte- 
rior walls  are  of  stone,  brick  and  terra  cotta,  and  the  roof  of  slate,  tile  or 
iron  made  in  Wisconsin.  The  interior  is  ornamented  and  furnished  with 
plate,  beveled  and  mirror  glass,  Wisconsin  pine  and  hardwood,  and  en- 
caustic tile.  The  cost  was  $30,000.  We  next  come  to  the 

MICHIGAN  BUILDING. — This  structure  represents  an  outlay  of  about 
$50,000 ;  dimensions  100x140  feet ;  constructed  wholly  of  Michigan  mate- 
rial. It  is  finished  elaborately  and  contains  many  exhibits  worthy  of  at- 
tention. On  the  second  floor  are  two  large  exhibition  halls,  where  the 
visitor  may  find  Michigan  relics,  native  curiosities,  and  an  assembly 
room.  In  other  respects  it  is  provided  with  all  the  modern  conveniences 


14  GUIDE   TO   THE   WORLD'S    FAIR 

and  accessories  of  a  great  club  house.     We  will  turn  the  corner  here  to 
the  right  and  pass  to  the 

OHIO  BUILDING. —  Location  diagonally  opposite  the  great  Art  build- 
ing. This  structure  is  distinctive  in  its  style  of  architecture,  and  much 
unlike  the  other  State  buildings.  It  is  truly  creditable  to  the  great  State 
it  represents.  Cost  about  $35,000 ;  contains  reception  rooms,  offices  for 
the  Ohio  commissioners,  and  the  general  conveniences  of  a  great  club 
house.  It  is  not  as  large  and  cumbrous  in  appearance  as  many  of  its 
neighbors,  nor  as  gaudy  and  as  ostentatious  as  some  of  them.  There  is  a 
simplicity  in  the  pleasing  colonial  marble,  set  off  in  its  monotony  by  the 
broad  semi-circular  portico  copied  from  the  State  Capitol  at  Columbus, 
that  renders  the  building  very  attractive.  It  is  really  a  building  of  the 
southern  type,  the  Virginians,  for  instance.  It  has  a  great  double  door- 
way leading  to  a  large  hall.  As  you  enter  your  attention  is  attracted  by  a 
beautiful  stained  glass  window  bearing  the  arms  of  the  State  on  a  noble 
background.  Under  the  window  is  a  highly  ornamented  mantelpiece,  and 
and  a  cheerful  fireplace.  The  high  arched  ceiling  is  beautifully  decora- 
ted. Surrounding  the  central  hallway  are  gentlemen's  and  ladies'  parlors, 
smoking  rooms,  commissioners'  rooms,  etc.  As  a  whole  it  is  one  of  the 
most  beautiful  of  the  State  structures.  We  pass  around  the  west  side  of 
the  Art  gallery  and  its  western  annex,  returning  to  the  point  from  which 
we  started,  with  the  South  Dakota  building  to  our  left,  and  crossing  the 
57 th  street  entrance,  we  find  the 

NEBRASKA  BUILDING. —  It  is  located  on  the  pond,  but  faces  south  and 
east.  Dimensions  60x100  feet ;  two  stories  high ;  style  of  architecture 
classical,  of  the  Corinthian  order ;  cost  $15,000.  One  of  its  features  is  a 
magnificent  double  staircase  nine  feet  wide,  which  leads  from  the  exhibit 
room  to  the  second  floor.  The  building  is  designed  as  the  general  head- 
quarters for  Nebraska  people  and  their  friends,  while  at  the  same  time  it 
contains  interesting  exhibits  from  the  State  not  classified  in  the  general 
buildings.  Directly  opposite,  to  our  right,  is  the 

MINNESOTA  BUILDING. —  Dimensions  67x79  feet ;  style  of  architecture 
Italian  renaissance.  Framework  of  wood  covered  with  staff.  Entrance 
through  a  portico  having  rusticated  dome  columns,  and  over  the  entabla- 
ture the  name,  "Minnesota,"  on  a  raised  panel.  At  the  extremities  of 
the  uncovered  platforms  at  either  side  of  the  portico,  are  statues  on  square 
pedestals  representing  the  original  owners  of  the  country  and  early  set- 
tlers of  the  State,  the  Indian  on  one  side  and  the  Pioneer  Lumberman, 
with  his  axe  and  rifle,  on  the  other.  Shields,  coats  of  arms,  etc.,  after  the 
ornamentation.  The  interior  hall  is  18  feet  high.  Cost  about  $25,000. 
Passing  on,  to  the  right  we  come  to  the 

ARKANSAS  BUILDING. —  This  structure  has  an  elliptical  entrance  from 
a  large  circular  veranda,  which  runs  the  width  of  the  building  on  the  first 
floor.  The  object  of  Mrs.  Frank  Douglas,  the  designer,  and  to  whom  be- 
longs the  credit  of  promoting  the  building  enterprise,  was  to  carry  out  as 
far  as  possible  a  French  "  rococco  "  style  of  architecture,1  as  Arkansas  was 
originally  settled  by  the  French.  In  this,  the  lady  has  been  surprisingly 
successful.  The  interior  is  tinted  and  decorated,  and  all  ornamental  staff 


GROUNDS  AND   BUILDINGS.  17 

-work  has  been  brought  out  in  gold.  .The  flooring  of  the  assembly  room  is 
of  native  woods  —  hard  wood  and  yellow  pine.  Here  may  be  seen  a  man- 
tel of  Arkansas  white  onyx,  while  columns  and  vases  of  onyx  and  marble 
are  placed  in  various  parts  of  the  building.  One  of  the  most  interesting 
features,  from  an  artistic  standpoint,  is  the  fountain  of  Hot  Springs  crys- 
tals in  the  rotunda.  This  was  donated  by  the  ladies  of  Hot  Springs,  who 
raised  $1,000  for  the  purpose.  It  has  a  basin  10  feet  in  diameter,  and  is 
illuminated  by  electricity.  The  interior  is  decorated  bountifully  and 
beautifully  with  the  choicest  products  of  Arkansas,  flowers,  marble  bust 
and  statuary,  paintings  and  minerals.  To  our  left,  diagonally  opposite, 
is  the 

NORTH  DAKOTA  BUILDING. —  Dimensions  70x50  feet.  A  space  46x21 
feet  in  front  of  the  main  assembly  hall  is  used  as  a  court-yard.  From 
this  yard,  the  main  assembly  room  is  entered  through  a  large  stone  arch, 
above  which,  on  the  exterior,  is  an  elaborately  carved  panel  containing 
the  coat  of  arms  of  North  Dakota.  The  structure  is  two  stories  high.  It 
contains  all  the  conveniences  of  a  club  house  and  many  interesting  ex- 
hibits. Next  to  the  north  comes  the 

KANSAS  BUILDING. — The  building  is  cruciform  in  design,  two  stories 
high,  and  cost  $30,000,  constructed  entirely  of  Kansas  material.  It  has  a 
floor  area  of  13,934  square  feet.  The  building  is  132  feet  from  point  to 
point  each  way,  surmounted  by  an  oblong  glass  dome.  It  is  handsome  as 
regards  its  interior  and  exterior.  It  contains  an  elegant  reception  room 
for  women.  The  main  front  entrance  is  through  a  16  foot  arch.  We  now 
come  to  the 

TEXAS  BUILDING. —  Adjoining  the  Kansas  site  and  at  the  extreme 
northwestern  corner  of  the  Exposition  grounds.  The  site  skirts  56th  St., 
the  northern  boundary  of  the  buildings.  Dimensions  85x250  feet ;  main 
height  70  feet ;  constructed  entirely  after  the  style  of  the  old  Spanish 
missions,  and  is  intended  to  represent  the  historical  Alamo.  It  is  a  good 
example  of  Spanish  renaissance  architecture.  The  front  part  of  the 
building  forms  a  square  85  feet  wide,  enclosing  a  large  assembly  hall. 
The  general  grouping  of  the  building  shows  that  it  is  flanked  on  each  cor- 
ner by  a  square  tower,  the  intervening  curtains  consisting  of  two  stories 
of  open  arcaded  loggias.  Extending  from  the  main  building  toward  the 
east  is  a  wing  150  feet  long.  Texas  subscribed  $300,000  towards  its  build- 
ing and  exhibit.  The  building  is  one  of  the  most  attractive  in  the  State 
group.  The  ground  surrounding  as  well  as  the  interior  contains  exhibits 
of  the  products  of  the  wonderful  State.  We  will  turn  to  the  right  and 
walk  south  through  an  avenue  running  through  two  lines  of  some  of  the 
most  beautiful  of  the  State  structures.  The  first  we  come  to,  directly  op- 
posite the  Texas  building,  is  the 

KENTUCKY  BUILDING. — This  is  a  typical  representation  of  a  South- 
ern Colonial  mansion,  one  of  the  distinctive  features  of  which  is  great 
pillared  porches  or  verandas.  Exclusive  of  these  porches  the  building 
measures  75x90  feet.  It  is  finished  elegantly,  and  contains  the  usual  ac- 
cessories of  a  club  house.  One  of  the  features  of  the  Kentucky  building 
is  a  magnificent  display  of  its  peculiar  liquid  product.  The  citizens  of 


18  GUIDE  TO  THE  WORLD'S   FAIR 

Kentucky  contributed  largely  and  wisely  toward  making-  their  State 
building  creditable  and  attractive.  To  the  left  as  we  pass  down  this  ave- 
nue is  the 

WEST  VIRGINIA  BUILDING. — This  is  a  small,  but  a  beautiful  struc- 
ture, and  cost  $20,000.  It  has  no  particular  exterior  features,  but  the  in- 
terior is  elegantly  arranged  for  club  house  and  exhibit  purposes.  The 
next  to  our  right  is  the 

LOUISIANA  BUILDING. —  Style  of  structure  the  old  plantation  house, 
with  broad  corridors,  immense  doors  and  quaint  dormer  windows.  The 
State  of  Louisiana  contributes  largely  to  all  of  the  great  departments  of 
the  fair^but  its  club  house  exhibits  have  not  been  neglected.  It  is  filled 
with  historic  relics  and  curiosities  from  a  State  rich  in  quaint  things. 
One  of  its  features  is  a  Creole  kitchen,  and  in  the  cafe  of  the  building  all 
of  the  favored  dishes  of  the  Creole  State  are  served.  It  is  beautifully  or- 
namented with  art  decorations,  old  paintings  and  Souvenirs  of  the  Span- 
ish and  French  days.  Next  on  our  right  is  the 

MISSISSIPPI  BUILDING. — This  is  a  typical  southern  mansion  well 
worthy  of  one  of  the  greatest  cotton  States  of  the  south.  It  is  fitted  up 
principally  for  use  as  a  club  house.  Many  quaint  and  curious  things  as 
well  as  creditable  exhibits  of  the  products  of  the  State  are  to  be  found 
within  its  walls.  Visitors  from  all  parts  of  the  country  are  hospitably  re- 
ceived here.  To  our  left  occupying  a  space  in  extent  equal  to  that  of 
Louisiana  and  Mississippi,  is  the 

VIRGINIA  BUILDING. —  One  of  the  oldest  and  proudest  States  of  the 
American  Union  very  appropriately  fashioned  its  building  after  the  home 
of  Washington  at  Mount  Vernon.  Cost  $15,000.  The  fact  that  it  is  mod- 
elled after  the  Washington  residence  makes  it  in  appearance  rather  dis- 
proportioned  to  the  surrounding  edifices,  because  the  Washington  resi- 
dence was  not  a  large  one,  by  any  means,  nor  a  particularly  attractive 
one.  Hundreds  of  thousands  of  people  have  sailed  down  the  Potomac  to 
visit  this  historic  structure.  They  will  find  it  here  in  exact  duplication. 
Naturally  it  is  filled  with  relics  of  the  old  Colonial  and  Revolutionary 
days.  No  State  in  the  union  has  more  to  offer  in  this  line  than  Virginia 
and  her  public  officials  and  private  citizens  have  been  generous  in  their 
loans.  Much  of  the  furniture  of  the  Mount  Vernon  residence  is  here,  as 
well  as  relics  of  the  Fairfax,  the  Lee  and  others  of  the  old  aristocratic 
families  of  the  State.  The  Virginia  building  should  be  visited  by  all 
means,  and  will  doubtless  attract  large  crowds.  Virginia  hospitality  will 
be  dispensed  here  to  all.  The  next,  to  our  right,  at  the  end  of  this  short 
avenue,  is  the 

MISSOURI  BUILDING. —  Dimensions  90x110  feet.  The  main  portion 
rises  to  a  height  of  60  feet  and  is  surmouted  by  a  tower  140  feet  high. 
Cost,  $40,000.  The  building  is  graceful  in  outline  and  handsome  in  pro- 
portions. Style  of  architecture,  Spanish  renaissance,  somewhat  modified 
to  give  the  most  harmonious  effect.  All  the  material  used  in  the  building 
is  strictly  the  product  of  that  State.  On  the  first  floor  is  a  large  rotunda, 
floored  with  mosaic  tiling.  Leading  from  this  are  the  offices  of  the  Com- 
missioners and  State  and  City  bureaus  of  information.  On  the  second. 


GROUNDS   AND  BUILDINGS.  19 

floor  are  parlors,  reception  rooms,  lavatories,  reading  rooms,  etc.  The 
rooms  are  arranged  with  folding  doors,  so  that  they  can  all  be  thrown 
into  one,  making  an  auditorium  which  will  seat  2,500  people.  The  women 
of  the  State  of  Missouri  provided  the  furniture  of  this  building,  and  Mis- 
souri artists  decorated  it.  No  State  in  the  Union  has  succeeded  in  mak- 
ing a  more  tasteful  showing  or  a  more  instructive  one.  It  is  filled  with 
works  of  art,  specimens  of  Missouri's  products,  relics,  curiosities,  maps, 
charts,  educational  exhibits,  etc.  The  great  cities  of  Missouri  have  vied 
with  each  other  in  an  unselfish  effort  to  the  making  of  this  club  house  one 
of  the  most  beautiful  of  the  State  group.  We  will  turn  to  the  left  that  we 
may  not  miss  two  buildings  which  deserve  our  attention.  These  face  the 
southwestern  annex  of  the  art  gallery.  The  first,  directly  in  .the  rear  of 
the  Missouri  building,  is  the 

TENNESSEE  BUILDING. — A  very  creditable  structure,  and  the  next  is 
the 

GEORGIA  BUILDING. —  These  States  were  rather  backward  in  making 
provision  for  their  structures,  and  consequently  have  failed  to  some  ex- 
tent when  compared  with  their  surroundings.  We  are  again  on  the  main 
avenue  extending  east  and  west  from  the  57th  street  entrance.  To  our 
right,  is  the  southwestern  annex  of  the  art  gallery  and  the  land  front  of 
the  Art  building  proper.  Here  is  a  beautiful  park  laid  out  in  the  highest 
style  of  landscape  gardening,  at  the  eastern  extremity  of  which  is  the 
southeastern  annex  of  the  art  gallery.  The  first  building  to  our  left  as 
we  pass  eastwardly  on  this  beautiful  boulevard  is  the 

PENNSYLVANIA  BUILDING. —  This  is  a  reproduction  of  Independence 
Hall,  the  structure  in  which  the  Declaration. of  American  Independence 
was  signed,  and  in  which  were  assembled  the  first  Congresses  of  the 
United  States.  Before  entering  the  building  the  grounds  surrounding  it 
will  attract  special  attention.  The  landscape  gardening  was  placed  in 
charge  of  William  Hamilton,  superintendent  of  the  Parks  of  Alleghany. 
He  has  succeeded  in  making  a  beautiful  exhibit  of  the  foliage  and  flora 
of  the  State.  The  frame  of  the  building  has  cast  iron  based  plates,  chan- 
nel and  plate  columns.  If  permitted,  it  might  stand  for  a  century.  The 
lower  part  of  the  building  is  of  Philadelphia  pressed  brick,  while  the  top 
is  made  of  wood,  iron  and  plaster.  An  orange  tint  is  given  to  the  entire 
structure,  and  other  bright  colors  to  break  the  monotony.  In  the  interior 
are  elegant  reception  rooms  for  ladies  and  gentlemen,  smoking,  toilet 
and  cloak  rooms,  ladies'  parlors,  press  correspondents'  rooms,  etc.  The 
entire  height  of  the  building  is  165  feet ;  cost  of  building  together  with 
transportation  of  displays  contained  inside  about  $300,000.  The  building 
is  filled  with  historical  relies.  Among  these  which  the  visitor  will  not 
fail  to  see  is  the  old  Liberty  Bell,  which  will  hang  in  the  tower ;  the  chair 
in  which  Thomas  Jefferson  wrote  the  Declaration  of  Independence ;  the 
table  on  which  the  Declaration  was  signed ;  the  inkstand  then  used ; 
Thomas  Jefferson's  sword ;  a  sofa  belonging  to  Washington ;  French 
bowl  used  by  Washington ;  the  baby  clothes  of  John  Quincy  Adams ;  the 
yoke  of  the  old  Liberty  Bell ;  Reale's  portrait  of  Washington,  being  the 
first  ever  printed  ;  the  first  lightning  rod  invented  by  Benjamin  Franklin ; 
the  electrical  machine  invented  by  Franklin ;  the  original  model  of  John 


20  GUIDE  TO  THE   WORLD'S   FAIR 

Fitch's  steamboat ;  fans  used  by  Franklin  at  the  court  of  France ;  Frank- 
lin's standing  clock  ;  Thomas  Jefferson's  thermometer  ;  a  lock  of  Jeffer- 
son's hair  ;  a  brewing- jar  used  by  William  Penn  ;  the  surveying-  instru- 
ment and  chain  used  by  Penn  in  laying-  out  the  City  of  Philadelphia ;  the 
lock  and  key  used  by  Penn  on  his  house ;  and  Pocahontas'  necklace. 
Many  other  State  and  personal  relics  of  a  similar  nature  may  be  found 
here.  The  next  to  our  left  is  the 

NEW  YORK  BUILDING. —  A  representation,  slightly  modified,  of  the  old 
Van  Rensselaer  residence,  which  for  so  long  a  time  was  one  of  the  most 
familiar  land  mards  of  New  York  City.  The  reproduction  of  the  archi- 
tecture of  this  old  building  brings  back  one  of  the  most  interesting  periods 
of  our  national  history,  when  the  now  great  commercial  and  financial 
metropolis  of  the  United  States,  was  only  a  struggling  ambitious  seaport. 
This  building  has  innumerable  attractions  for  visitors.  Its  dimensions 
are  90  feet  wide  by  200  feet  long,  and  three  stories  high.  Inclusive  of 
donated  material  and  decoration,  the  structure  represents  an  expenditure 
of  more  than  $150,000.  One  its  features  are  three  columns  of  specimens 
of  native  wood  supporting  the  roof.  These  columns  were  gathered  in  the 
Adirondack  mountains.  Each  pillar  consists  of  the  trunks  of  three  trees 
twisted  into  a  symmetrical  spiral  column.  One  column  is  composed  of  a 
12-inch  balsam,  one  20-inch  black  spruce  and  one  12-inch  tamarack.  An- 
other is  composed  of  a  12-inch  red  birch,  a  20-inch  white  birch,  and  a  12- 
inch  black  birch,  and  the  third  is  made  of  a  12-inch  black  cherry,  a 
20-inch  sugar  maple  and  a  12-inch  yellow  birch.  Statues  of  Christopher 
Columbus,  Henry  Hudson  and  busts  of  George  Clinton,  the  first  governor 
and  Roswell  P.  Flower  the  present  governor  of  the  State  of  New  York 
occupy  niches  in  front  of  the  building.  Among  the  curiosities  is  an 
ancient  picture  of  Hendrick  Hudson.  The  building  is  well  supplied  with 
historical  relics.  Among  them  are  Washington  relics,  autographs  of  all 
the  presidents,  autographs  of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independ- 
ence and  famous  men  of  the  Revolutionary  War ;  portraits  of  famous 
citizens  of  New  York,  including  those  of  all  the  governors ;  model  of  Ful- 
ton's steamboat  and  many  other  relics  dating  back  to  revolutionary  times. 
The  New  York  building  is  magnificently  decorated ;  specimens  of  the 
highest  art  in  painting  and  sculpture  are  to  be  found  en  all  sides,  while 
every  convenience  is  at  hand  for  those  who  visit  it  as  a  place  of  rest. 
Directly  opposite  the  New  York  building,  and  at  the  corner  of  an  avenue 
running  north  and  south  from  the  southeastern  annex  of  the  Art  Gallery, 
is  the 

MASSACHUSETTS  BUILDING. —  This  structure  is  modelled  after  the  old 
Hancock  House,  for  many  years  a  familiar  landmark  on  Beacon  street, 
Boston.  The  building  is  constructed  of  Massachusetts  granite.  An  an- 
cient fore-court,  enclosed  with  a  fence,  is  filled  with  the  most  noted  flowers 
of  the  Bay  State.  In  many  respects  this  reproduction  of  John  Hancock's 
residence  is  considered  to  be  one  of  the  most  artistic  buildings  in  the  north 
end  of  the  grounds.  It  is  strictly  colonial  in  style.  Inside  may  be  seen 
oil  portraits  of  the  men  whose  names  are  associated  with  the  history  of 
the  oldest  colony  and  State  of  the  Union.  Beginning  in  1623  the  series  of 
portraits  of  famous  men  continues  up  to  recent  years.  Those  of  John 


GROUNDS   AND  BUILDINGS.  23 

Endicott  and  Robert  Winthrop  occupy  conspicuous  places.  Among  those 
which  will  attract  most  attention  are  the  portraits  of  Wendell  Phillips, 
Thomas  Adams,  Daniel  Webster  and  Charles  Sumner.  Besides  the  por- 
traits the  building  contains  many  notable  works  of  art,  relics  and  curios- 
ities, particularly  of  the  Colonial  and  Revolutionary  period.  Passing 
north  on  this  avenue  we  next  come  to  the 

RHODE  ISLAND  BUILDING. —  It  is  a  two-story  structure,  modelled  after 
the  Doric  style  of  architecture  with  towering  pillars  resting  on  porches  at 
either  end.  The  entrance  at  the  front  is  through  three  circular  arches 
into  a  circular  porch  twenty  feet  in  diameter,  which  opens  into  the  main 
hall,  20x42  feet.  This  building  has  numerous  reception  rooms,  ladies' 
rooms,  smoking  rooms,  etc.,  and  is  used  as  a  State  headquarters  and  club 
house.  Its  cost  is  $10,000.  In  exterior  it  is  one  of  the  most  attractive  of 
the  New  England  group,  and  is  to  some  extent  a  reproduction  of  the  Old 
Stone  Mill  at  Newport.  At  the  close  of  the  Exposition  this  beautiful  little 
structure  will  be  presented  by  the  State  of  Rhode  Island  to  the  City  of 
Chicago.  Directly  opposite  the  Rhode  Island  building,  to  the  left,  is  the 

DELAWARE  BUILDING. —  Dimensions  58x60  feet ;  cost  $7,500.  Built  by 
private  subscription  of  citizens  of  Delaware  ;  constructed  wholly  of  native 
woods  and  materials.  Principal  feature,  a  room  fitted  up  in  Colonial 
style  with  hangings,  pictures  and  furniture,  all  in  representation  of  Colo- 
nial days.  The  next  to  our  left,  is  the 

MARYLAND  BUILDING. —  It  is  a  structure  on  the  Colonial  style  of  arch- 
itecture, including  a  center  building  of  two  stories,  with  a  wing  on  each 
side,  of  the  same  height.  The  wings,  and  a  portion  of  the  first  floor  of 
the  main  building  are  used  as  Exhibition  Halls.  The  first  floor  of  the 
main  building  contains  reading  rooms  and  rooms  for  ladies.  The  second 
floor  is  similarly  arranged  for  the  use  of  men.  Cost  $35,000.  Directly 
opposite,  at  the  northeast  corner  of  the  avenue,  is  the 

NEW  JERSEY  BUILDING. —  This  is  a  reproduction  of  Washington's 
headquarters  at  Morristown ;  dimensions  40x60  feet,  two  stories  high, 
with  a  16x20  foot  wing.  Cost,  $15,000.  The  building  is  Colonial  in  style, 
rather  plain,  but  is  filled  with  relics  of  revolutionary  days,  and  with  ex- 
hibits of  New  Jersey  products  and  industries.  It  is  ornamented  in  the  in- 
terior with  beautiful  photographic  views  of  New  Jersey's  celebrated  sea- 
side resorts.  We  must  turn  to  the  left  at  this  point,  and  in  the  rear  of  the 
Delaware  and  Maryland  Buildings,  we  will  find  the 

NORTH  CAROLINA  BUILDING. —  Facing  the  extreme  Northern  Avenue 
of  the  Exposition  grounds,  and  opposite  the  Utah  and  Nevada  Buildings. 
The  citizens  of  North  Carolina  met  with  many  obstacles,  legal  difficulties 
having  arisen  as  to  the  State's  appropriation,  but  at  a  late  day  all  these 
were  overcome,  to  some  extent,  and  the  old  State  makes  a  creditable 
showing  in  the  group  and  in  all  of  the  departments  of  the  Exposition. 
We  find  ourselves  once  more  close  to  the  Texas  Building,  and  looking 
north  on  a  short  avenue,  we  find  to  our  right  the 

UTAH  BUILDING. —  Following  this  toward  the  east  are  the  buildings 
of  Nevada,  Idaho,  New  Mexico,  Arizona,  Wyoming,  Montana,  Iowa  and 
the  Iowa  Corn  Palace,  or  the  old  Pavilion  of  Jacksoa  Park.  Turning1 


24  GUIDE  TO  THE  WORLD'S  FAIR 

toward  Lake  Michigan  we  will  view  them  in  the  order  named.  The  Utah 
Building  is  two  stories  in  height,  48x84  feet  in  surface  extent,  and  60  feet 
to  its  highest  point.  Ionic  columns  and  pilasters  form  the  main  supports 
and  guard  the  doors  and  windows.  The  central  interior  has  a  circular 
well  extending  from  the  ground  floor  to  the  dome  skylight.  Around  this 
space  are  arranged  the  ladies'  and  gentlemens'  reception  and  Commis- 
sioners' rooms.  The  exhibits  are  arranged  around  the  wall  space  on  the 
two  floors.  These  are  representative  of  the  industries  of  the  State,  and 
include  agricultural,  manufactured  and  mined  products.  Of  the  latter, 
gold,  silver  and  sulphur  are  the  principal  ones.  With  them  are  shown 
plans  illustrating  the  methods  of  reducing  sulphur  and  the  handling  of 
borax  and  rock  salt  found  in  some  parts  of  the  Territory  as  clear  as  crys- 
tal. Standing  just  before  the  main  entrance  is  a  f ac-simile  of  the  famous 
"Eagle  Gate,"  which  in  Salt  L,ake  City  stands  before  the  Mormon  Tem- 
ple. The  gilded  eagle,  with  outstretched  wings,-  symbolizing  hospitable 
protection  to  all  who  may  seek  it,  rests  on  four  flaring  supports,  which 
slope  from  the  center  to  the  sustaining  columns.  Apart  from  its  association 
with  polygamy,  it  is  simple,  tasteful  and  pleasing  in  appearance.  A  min- 
iature of  the  great  Salt  L/ake  is  shown  in  front  of  the  building  also.  The 
cost  of  the  territorial  exhibit  was  $60,000.  Next  comes  the  site  allotted  to 
the 

NEVADA  BULDING. —  Concerning  this  building  little  can  be  said,  as  no 
positive  preparations  were  made  by  the  State  for  its  exhibit.  Next,  how- 
ever, comes  the 

IDAHO  BUILDING. —  This  is  a  Colonial  building  with  balconies ;  rath- 
er a  novel  structure.  The  entrance  is  from  grade  level  and  through  a 
large  arch.  The  visitor  should  not  overlook  this  structure.  The  Mica 
Hall  in  the  interior  is  something  in  itself  extremely  novel  and  wonderful. 
Mica  for  practical  use  is  found  in  but  one  other  State  in  the  Union — North 
Carolina.  Idaho  has  the  finest  mica  in  the  world,  and  sheets  12x20  inches 
are  taken  out  of  the  McConnell  mine  in  L/atah  County,  that  are  almost  as 
clear  as  glass.  The  owners  of  this  mine  donated  $3,000  worth  of  mica  for 
the  decoration  of  the  hall.  The  windows  and  panels  in  the  doors  are 
made  of  mica,  and  the  wainscoting  and  other  woodwork  is  covered  with 
the  same  material.  This  hall  runs  transversely  through  the  second  story 
of  the  building,  and  at  each  end  opens  out  onto  a  broad  veranda.  In  ad- 
dition to  the  Mica  Hall,  the  interior  of  the  building  is  made  interesting  by 
the  display  of  the  beautiful  specimens  from  the  agate  fields.  Sapphires, 
onyx,  gold  and  other  minerals  are  displayed  in  abundance.  The  visitor 
should  not  fail  to  examine  the  Idaho  disply  in  the  Mines  and  Mining 
building.  We  now  come  to  the 

TERRITORIAL  BUILDING. — Erected  for  the  joint  use  of  New  Mexico, 
Arizona  and  Oklahoma.  The  site  given  to  the  territorial  building  occu- 
pies a  space  of  120  feet  square.  Of  this  the  first  20  feet  is  devoted  to  a  fine 
lawn.  Sixty  feet  back  is  a  terrace,  upon  which  stands  the  building,  a 
three-story  structure  of  staff,  surmounted  by  a  roof  garden.  The  grounds 
are  profusely  decorated  with  cacti  and  other  plants  from  Arizona.  The 
roof  garden  contains  specimens  of  all  the  flora  of  New  Mexico  and  Ari- 
zona. The  building  contains  reception  rooms,  offices,  dining  rooms  and 


GROUNDS   AND   BUILDINGS.  25 

other  apartments  for  the  comfort  and  entertainment  of  those  who  visit 
the  fair  from  the  three  territories.  It  does  not  contain  any  of  the  Terri- 
torial exhibits,  space  for  those  having-  been  reserved  in  the  general  de- 
partment buildings  of  the  Exposition.  Inside,  however,  are  displayed 
some  of  the  rarest  objects  of  interest  of  the  localities  represented,  among 
them  being  a  magnificent  archaeological  exhibit  and  rare  paintings,  a 
few  of  which  are  known  to  be  over  600  years  old.  New  Mexico,  Arizona, 
and  Oklahoma  contribute  very  largely  to  the  exhibits  in  the  Mines  and 
Mining  and  the  Agricultural  buildings.  Passing  the  Territorial  Build- 
ing, we  come  to  the 

WYOMING  BUILDING. —  Dimensions  70x50  feet.  The  first  story  con- 
tains a  large  hall  extending  to  the  roof  with  a  gallery  at  the  secoud  floor. 
A  veranda  12  feet  wide  is  on  the  east  and  west  sides.  The  building  is  in 
the  French  Chateau  style  and  the  panels  of  the  main  Frieze  exterior  con- 
tain elaborately  wrought  hunting  and  pastoral  scenes.  The  interior 
contains  many  interesting  exhibits.  Next  we  come  to  the 

MONTANA  BUILDING. —  Montana  has  been  foremost  among  the  great 
northwestern  States  in  contributing  toward  making  the  great  Exposition 
a  success.  The  Montana  building  is  a  creditable  one  and  represents  a 
large  outlay.  It  is  constructed  for  the  purpose  of  a  club  house  and  State 
headquarters,  but  is  well  filled  with  curious  and  costly  specimens  of 
the  wonderful  mining  industries  of  the  State.  The  visitor,  however, 
to  see  the  Montana  exhibit  in  its  glory,  must  not  fail  to  witness  the 
display  made  in  the  mines  and  mining  building,  where  a  solid  life-size 
statue  of  a  beautiful  woman  in  silver  is  exhibited  among  other  curios  and 
costly  things.  Over  thirty-five  tons  of  minerals  are  exhibited  We  now 
come  to  the 

IOWA  BUILDING. —  The  main  building  is  directly  in  the  rear  of  the 
original  Jackson  Park  pavilion.  It  has  a  frontage  on  the  Esplanade  of  200 
feet,  while,  with  the  pavilion,  which  is  used  as  the  "  Corn  Palace  "  it  has 
a  lake  front  spread  of  250  feet.  The  main  building  is  two  stories  high 
and  108x60  feet.  The  Exhibition  Hall  is  123x77  feet  and  its  ceiling  20 
feet  in  the  clear.  Immense  galleries  are  constructed  to  accomodate  thou- 
sands of  people.  The  decoration  of  the 

CORN  PALACE. —  Is  one  of  the  most  unique  features  to  be  found  in  the 
State  group.  The  exhibit  is  made  in  the  form  of  a  miniature  model  of 
the  Iowa  State  Capitol  building,  is  constructed  of  a  framework  of  steel 
with  porticos,  columns,  and  a  lavish  use  of  glass,  with  compartments  for 
the  reception  of  samples  of  grain  and  seeds  grown  and  contributed  by  the 
farmers  of  Iowa.  The  Corn  Palace,  as  has  been  said,  is  the  old  Jackson 
Park  pavilion,  remodelled  and  to  some  extent,  enlarged.  The  main  hall 
is  decorated  in  all  sorts  of  colors  and  with  fantastic  figures  composed  of 
Iowa  grains,  grasses  and  minerals.  Entering  the  main  hall  the  visitor 
sees  a  magnificent  dome  hung  with  corn  of  every  color.  On  the  walls  of 
the  room  are  bas-reliefs  of  agricultural  figures  done  in  grains  and 
grasses.  There  are  also  a  number  of  supporting  columns  covered  with 
grains.  There  is  more  of  the  unique  and  the  curious  than  of  the  aesthetic 
and  the  artistic  to  be  witnessed  within  this  hall.  As  an  evidence  of  what 


26  GUIDE  TO  THE  WORLD'S   FAIR 

may  be  accomplished  in  a  decorative  way  by  the  use  of  such  material,  the 
exhibit  is  certainly  a  wonderful  one.  The  designer  however,  has  at  times 
overreached  himself  in  attempts  to  produce  impossible  figures.  At  any 
rate,  the  Iowa  Corn  Palace  will  attract  an  extraordinary  amount  of  atten- 
tion and  not  a  little  admiration  even  from  the  most  critical  visitors.  We 
are  now  facing-  the  blue  waters  of  Lake  Michigan,  and  as  we  walk  south 
from  the  Corn  Palace,  we  pass  first,  the 

CONNECTICUT  BUILDING. —  This  handsome  structure  faces  the  lake. 
Like  the  other  buildings  of  the  New  England  group  it  is  Colonial  in  style. 
Cost  $9,870,  and  built  entirely  of  Connecticut  material.  The  interior  is 
finished  after  the  usual  headquarters  and  club  fashion,  and  contains 
many  beautiful  and  useful  things  as  well  as  relics  and  art  treasures. 
Next  in  order  to  our  right,  facing  the  lake  as  we  walk  toward  the  south, 
is  the 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE  BUILDING. —  This  is  also  of  the  Colonial  style,  pre- 
sents a  beautiful  exterior,  and  is  finished  in  the  highest  style  with  all  the 
modern  conveniences  and  accessories  of  a  club  house.  The  next  and  last 
of  the  buildings  on  this  line  is  the 

MAINE  BUILDING. —  The  material  in  this  building,  which  is  of  the  Co- 
lonial style,  was  furnished  exclusively  by  the  State  of  Maine.  Cost  of 
the  structure,  $10,000.  It  is  fitted  up  principally  as  a  clubhouse  and  State 
headquarters,  while  it  contains  many  relics,  curiosities  and  historic  treas- 
ures worthy  of  the  attention  of  the  general  visitor.  Directly  in  the  rear 
of  this  building,  and  the  last  of  the  State  structures  which  we  shall  visit 
is  the 

VERMONT  BUILDING. — This  structure  faces  the  southeastern  annex  of 
the  Art  Gallery.  It  is  one  of  the  most  original  on  the  grounds.  On  the 
right  and  left  of  the  steps  on  the  facade  rise  two  shafts,  on  which  are  al- 
legorical figures,  representing  the  industries  of  agriculture  and  quarry- 
ing—  the  two  principal  industrial  activities  of  the  State.  The  visitor 
enters  through  a  columned  portico  into  a  court  yard,  on  the  right  and  left 
of  which  are  covered  porches  with  broad  seats.  Just  off  these  are  the  re- 
ception rooms  in  front  and  the  Committee  Room,  Post  Office,  etc.,  in  the 
rear.  In  the  center  of  the  court  is  a  handsome  marble  fountain.  Marble 
from  Vermont  is  used  throughout  the  entire  interior.  Facing  the  end  of 
the  court  is  a  porch,  supported  by  four  caryatids,  over  which  is  a  semi- 
circular Greek  window  with  bas-relief  around  it,  representing  "  Freedom 
and  Unity."  The  coat  of  arms  is  in  the  center.  The  style  of  architecture 
is  pompeiian.  In  this  building  may  be  found  much  that  will  interest  the 
visitor,  as  an  effort  has  been  made  to  collect  the  historical  relics,  portraits, 
old  paintings,  etc.,  of  the  State. 

GROUP  NO.  II. 
T1JE  ART  GALLERY,  THE  FISHERIES  AND  FOREIGN  BUILDINGS. 

ENTRANCE  —  Foot  of  57th  street;  maybe  reached  by  I.  C.  R.  R.  or  by 
Cottage  Grove  Ave.  Cable  line.  Time  from  center  of  city  by  the  former, 
about  twenty  minutes ;  by  the  latter,  about  forty-five  minutes.  Ticket 
booths  at  entrance.  Admission  SO  cents.  Passing  through  turnstile  walk 


GROUNDS   AND   BUILDINGS.  29 

•directly  across  bridge  over  pond  toward  the  East.     The  first  building  of 
prominence  in  this  group  is  the  magnificent 

ART  GALLERY. —  Turning  from  the  southwestern  annex  toward  the 
north  pond,  you  may  obtain  a  full  view  of  this  classic  structure.  It  has 
been  pronounced  the  most  beautiful  building  of  the  Exposition,  being 
purely  classic  in  design.  Dimensions  in  feet  320x500;  annexes  (2)  di- 
mensions 120x200;  cost  $670,000.  The  building  is  oblong,  intersected 
north,  south,  east  and  west  by  a  great  nave  and  transept  100  feet  wide  and 
70  feet  high,  at  the  intersection  of  which  is  a  great  dome  60  feet  in  diam- 
eter. The  building  is  125  feet  to  the  top  of  the  dome,  which  is  surmount- 
ed by  a  colossal  winged  figure  of  Victory.  The  transept,  lighted  entirely 
from  above,  has  a  clear  space  of  60  feet.  On  either  side  are  galleries  20 
feet  wide,  24  feet  above  the  floor.  Sculpture  is  displayed  upon  the  main 
floors  of  the  naves  and  transept,  and  on  the  walls  of  the  ground  floors  of 
both  the  galleries  is  ample  space  for  the  display  of  paintings  and  panels 
in  bas-relief.  The  corners  made  by  the  crossing  of  the  nave  and  transept 
are  used  for  small  picture  galleries.  Outside  galleries  40  feet  wide  form 
a  continuous  promenade  around  the  entire  building.  Between  the  prom- 
enade and  the  nave  are  small  rooms  devoted  to  private  collections  of 
paintings  and  various  art  displays.  On  either  side  are  one-storied  annex- 
es, 120x200  feet.  Grand  flights  of  steps  lead  up  to  the  richly  sculptured 
great  portals,  and  the  walls  of  the  loggia  of  the  colonnades  are  gorgeously 
adorned  with  mural  paintings  illustrating  the  history  and  progress  of  art. 
The  exterior  frieze  and  the  pediments  of  the  principal  entrances  are  em- 
bellished by  reproductions  in  statuary  of  the  gems  of  ancient  art.  The 
construction  of  the  entire  building  is  necessarily  fire-proof  and  the  gen- 
eral tone  is  light  gray  stone.  No  wood  is  used,  the  materials  being  brick, 
staff,  iron  and  glass.  The  very  panes  in  the  windows  are  set  in  iron 
frames.  This  structure  of  wondrous  beauty  and  attraction  is  located  at 
the  south  side  of  the  most  highly  improved  portion  of  the  park,  with  the 
south  front  directly  on  the  north  lagoon.  It  is  separated  from  the  lagoon 
by  beautiful  terraces  ornamented  with  balustrades,  with  an  immense 
flight  of  steps.  Prom  the  main  portal  there  is  a  landing  for'boats.  The 
north  front  faces  the  wide  open  lawn  and  the  group  of  State  Buildings. 
The  immediate  neighborhood  of-  the  building  is  ornamented  with  groups 
of  statues,  replicas,  ornaments  of  the  classic  art,  such  as  Choragic  monu- 
ments, the  "  Cave  of  the  winds,"  and  other  beautiful  examples  of  Grecian 
art.  The  ornamentation  also  includes  statues  of  heroic  and  life-sized  pro- 
portions. Within  this  building  are  exhibited  the  Fine  Art  Exhibits  col- 
lected from  every  part  of  the  civilized  world.  These  are  grouped  as  fol- 
lows :  Sculpture — figures  and  groups  in  marble ;  casts  from  original 
works  by  modern  artists,  models  and  monumental  decorations  ;  bas-reliefs 
in  marble  or  bronze  ;  figures  and  groups  in  bronze  ;  bronzes  from  circ- 
perdue ;  paintings  in  oil ;  paintings  in  water  colors ;  paintings  on  ivory, 
on  enamel,  on  metal,  on  porcelain  or  other  wares ;  fresco  painting  on 
walls ;  engravings  and  etchings,  prints,  chalk,  charcoal,  pastel  and  other 
drawings ;  antique  and  modern  carvings ;  engravings  in  medallions  or  in 
gems ;  cameos,  intaglios ;  exhibits  of  private  collections.  The  wall  space 
demanded  by  the  artists  of  great  Britain  and  Ireland,  Germany,  France, 


30  GUIDE  TO  THE  WORLD'S  FAIR 

Belgium,  Spain,  Italy,  the  Netherlands,  Denmark  and  Sweden,  Russia, 
South  America  and  all  foreign  countries  as  well  as  by  the  artists  of  the 
United  States,  was  so  great  that  the  chief  of  this  department,  at  an  early 
day,  became  fearful  lest  he  should  not  be  able  to  provide  adequately  for 
all.  The  building  is,  perhaps,  the  greatest  Art  Gallery  ever  constructed 
for  such  a  purpose,  but  every  inch  of  available  space  is  occupied.  This 
much  is  said  in  order  to  illustrate  what  the  visitor  may  expect  as  he  enters 
the  magnificent  structure.  In  a  work  of  this  kind,  it  would  be  impossible 
to  point  out  specific  exhibits.  Let  it  suffice  to  say  that  in  this  collection 
is  gathered  the  greatest  works  of  ancient,  mediaeval  and  modern  sculp- 
tors, painters  and  decorators.  Leaving  the  Art  Gallery  and  passing  along 
the  loggia  toward  the  east  we  come,  at  the  northeast  corner  of  the  North 
Pond,  to  the 

GUATEMALA  BUILDING. —  A  beautiful  structure  erected  as  a  headquar- 
ters and  club  house  for  the  Guatemalian  Commissioners  and  visitors. 
Directly  to  the  south  of  this,  facing  the  North  Pond,  is  the 

COSTA  RICA  BUILDING. — Another  beautiful  structure,  fitted  up  as  a 
club  house  and  headquarters.  North  of  this,  and  on  the  other  side  of  the 
Guatemalian  Building,  is  the 

ECUADOR  BUILDING. —  A  structure  very  creditably  representing  one 
of  the  most  progressive  of  the  South  American  Republics.  Farther  north, 
and  occupying  a  space  directly  on  the  Lake  Shore,  is  the 

FRENCH  BUILDING. —  Opposite  the  Ecuador  aud  Guatemala  buildings 
is  the 

NORWEGIAN  BUILDING. —  And  on  the  L<ake  Shore,  south  of  the  French 
Building,  and  directly  in  front  of  the  Norwegian  Building,  is  the 

CEYLON  BUILDING. —  Still  farther  to  the  south  and  on  the  Lake  Shore 
is  the 

GERMAN  BUILDING. —  This  is  a  structure  typical  of  the  country  which 
it  represents.  The  main  features  of  the  decorations  are  paintings  of  the 
arms  of  the  Empire,  a  red  Imperial  Eagle  of  the  Hfteenth  century,  a  new 
Imperial  Eagle  and  an  inscription  relating  to  the  purpose  of  the  building, 
and  the  circumstances  under  which  it  was  erected.  In  a  group  at  the 
southeast  end  of  the  North  Pond,  and  directly  east  of  the  Illinois  Building, 
are  located  the  buildings  of  Hayti,  Columbia,  Sweden,  Norway,  Nica- 
ragua, and  other  South  American  countries,  all  of  which  are  or  attracti  e 
design  in  architecture.  The 

SOUTH  AMERICAN  BUILDINGS. —  Like  the  others,  are  fitted  up  as  club 
houses  and  headquarters.  Over  toward  the  Lake  Front  again,  and  di- 
rectly south  of  Germany,  is  the 

RUSSIAN  BUILDING. — This  is  an  enormous  log  cabin,  the  material  in 
which  is  carved  and  polished  in  the  highest  style.  The  building  was  plan- 
ned and  made  in  Russia,  and  was  shipped  to  Chicago  ready  to  be  put  to- 
gether. It  has  but  one  story,  about  40  feet  high,  with  a  low  sloping  roof. 
It  covers  a  space  about'  70x120  feet.  Directly  southeast  of  the  Russian- 
log  cabin  and  fronting  on  the  Great  Britain  Building,  is  the  beautiful 


GROUNDS   AND   BUILDINGS.  31 

CANADIAN  BUILDING. —  Which  is  fully  representative  and  typical  of 
the  great  and  progressive  country  stretching  along  our  Northern  fron- 
tier. Next  to  this  and  occupying  a  corner,  fronting  the  north  inlet  is  the 

GREAT  BRITAIN  BUILDING. —  This  is  known  as  Victoria  House,  and 
the  Union  Jack  floats  over  it  by  day  and  by  night.  Victoria  House 
is  a  building  of  the  old  Elizabethan  style,  the  upper  story  being  consider- 
ed its  best  feature.  Its  position  on  the  shore  close  to  the  waters  of  the 
lake  is  thought  appropriate,  while  the  fact  that  it  stands  apart  from  the 
other  foreign  buildings,  gives  the  little  structure  something  of  the  dignity 
which  it  might  lose  in  the  crowd.  If  England's  efforts  were  only  confined 
to  this  building  one  might  be  disappointed  in  the  representation  which  the 
empire  makes,  but  this  structure  is  erected  simply  as  a  matter  of  courtesy 
only.  The  exhibits  of  England  are  found  in  every  department  of  the 
World's  Columbian  Exposition,  and  are  only  equaled  by  those  of  the 
United  States.  Two  of  the  most  interesting  and  important  of  the  foreign 
buildings  are  those  of  Brazil  and  Mexico.  The 

BRAZILIAN  BUILDING. —  Occupies  a  position  on  the  east  side  of  the  la- 
goon, south  of  the  north  basin  and  facing  the  Art  Galleries.  The  archi- 
tecture and  the  interior  decorations  are  superb.  The 

MEXICAN  BUILDING. —  Is  situated  directly  east  of  the  South  American 
group,  close  to  the  lake  shore  and  northwest  of  the  Great  Britain 
building.  Mexico  has  furnished  to  the  Exposition  a  modern  structure. 
In  spite  of  many  efforts  which  were  made  to  reproduce  a  building  of  the 
Aztec  period,  it  was  deemed  advisable  by  the  progressive  President  of  the 
Mexican  Republic,  that  the  building  should  represent  the  Mexico  of  to- 
day rather  than  the  Mexico  of  a  forgotten  age.  It  is  finished,  both  as 
regards  its  exterior  and  interior,  in  a  most  creditable  manner.  I  have 
passed  hurriedly  over  the  foreign  buildings,  because,  as  a  matter  of  fact, 
they  are  not  intended  to  divert  the  attention  of  the  visitor  from  the  main 
buildings  or  main  exhibits.  There  are  others  in  this  group  which  will 
attract  attention.  But  now  let  us  turn  our  attention  to  one  of  the  main 
buildings  in  group  2,  as  I  have  classified  them,  and  one  of  the  most  inter- 
esting of  them  all.  I  allude  to  the 

FISH  AND  FISHERIES  BUILDING. —  Dimensions  in  feet,  165x365 ;  area 
in  acres,  1.4 ;  annexes  (2)  dimensions  135  (diameter) ;  cost  $224,000.  The 
graceful  beauty  of  the  Fisheries  Building  has  gained  for  it  from  the  se- 
verest of  critics,  architects,  the  title  of  "  an  architectural  poem."  It 
is  situated  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  large  island  north  of  the 
wooded  island  in  the  lagoon,  and  its  main  facade  faces  to  the  south- 
east, being  directly  opposite  the  Government  Building,  from  which 
it  is  separated  by  a  broad  arm  of  the  lagoon.  While  thus  forming  one 
extremity  of  the  great  group  of  buildings  which  front  on  Lake  Michigan, 
it  is  directly  north  of  the  Administration  Building,  far  to  the  south.  This 
situation  makes  it  a  component  of  all  the  splendid  pictures  presented  by 
the  varying  points  of  view  from  which  the  Exposition  as  a  whole  is  seen. 
While  the  extreme  dimensions  of  the  building  are  very  large,  yet  the 
structure  is  so  laid  out  that  the  general  effect  is  rather  of  delicacy  than  of 
grandeur  to  be  expected  from  the  mere  standpoint  of  dimensions.  It  is 
composed  of  three  parts,  a  main  building  365  feet  long  and  165  feet  wide, 


32  GUIDE  TO  THE   WORLD'S   FAIR 

and  two  polygonal  buildings  each  133  feet  6  inches  in  diameter,  connected 
with  the  main  structure  by  two  curved  arcades.  The  main  building  is 
provided  with  two  great  entrances  in  the  centers  of  the  long  sides.  These 
entrances  are  by  pavilions  102  feet  long,  projecting  41  feet  beyond  the 
line  of  the  main  building,  and  flanked  at  each  corner  with  circular 
towers.  The  great  pediment  over  the  south  or  chief  entrance  is  filled 
with  sculpture,  the  subject  being  a  scene  of  whale  fishing.  The  angles 
are  surmounted  by  statues  representing  fishers  casting  the  spear,  throw- 
ing the  handline  and  holding  the  finny  prey.  The  .quadrangular  first 
story  is  surmounted  by  a  great  second  circular  story  capped  with  a  coni- 
cal roof.  A  graceful  open  turret  crowns  this  roof  and  four  smaller 
towers  spring  from  and  surround  the  base.  The  general  design  of  the 
whole  structure  is  Roman  in  masses  with  all  the  details  worked  out  in  a 
realistic  manner  after  various  fish  and  marine  forms.  Thus  the  double 
row  of  engaged  columns  which  form  the  exterior  face  of  the  building 
have  capitals  which  are  formed  of  a  thousand  varied  groupings  of  marine 
forms,  while  the  delicate  open  work  of  the  gallery  railings  display  a& 
many  different  fishes.  The  circular  story  is  surrounded  by  a  broad  exte- 
rior gallery,  and  the  four  flanking  towers  of  the  entrances  and  the  four 
smaller  towers  of  the  central  roof  terminate  in  open  turrets,  from  all  of 
which  views  of  every  part  of  the  grounds  can  be  obtained.  The  materials 
of  construction  are  wood,  iron  and  steel,  "  staff  "  and  glass.  The  roofs  are 
covered  with  glazed  Spanish  tiles  and  the  general  coloring  of  the  building 
is  at  once  soft  and  brilliant  as  befits  the  grace  of  the  architectural  lines. 
Kverything  that  science  has  rescued  from  the  depths  of  ocean,  sea,  lake 
or  river,  is  displayed  at  the  fisheries  exhibit.  Inhabitants  of  deep  sea 
grottoes ;  the  coral  animal  —  builder  of  islands  and  continents ;  sea  anem- 
ones, that  blossom  miles  below  the  surface  of  the  ocean ;  monstrous  devil 
fish,  sharks,  and  other  terrors  of  the  deep,  are  seen,  beside  the  speckled 
beauties  of  stream  or  lake,  the  plebeian  catfish,  perch  and  sucker,  sug- 
gestive of  the  boyish  angler  and  the  shallow  stream.  From  ocean  depths 
are  brought  specimens  of  subaqueous  life  so  marvelously  delicate  and  so 
richly  beautiful  that  the  microscope  will  only  reveal  in  part  their  won- 
drous beauty  and  film-like  tracery.  The  methods,  too,  by  which  the  mys- 
teries of  the  deep  are  penetrated,  the  paraphernalia  of  the  United  States 
Fish  Commission,  the  inventions  by  which  the  finny  tribe  is  cultured,  the 
wonderful  progress  made  in  the  art  of  fish  farming,  in  addition  to  the 
implements  of  commercial  fishing  and  the  latest  tackle  for  angling — all 
these  are  displayed  to  their  fullest  extent.  Not  the  least  interesting  por- 
tion of  the  exhibits  is  the  Aquarial  or  lyive  Fish  Display.  This  is  con- 
tained in  a  circular  building,  135  feet  in  diameter,  standing  near  one  ex- 
tremity of  the  main  Fisheries  building,  and  in  a  great  curved  corridor 
connecting  the  two  in  the  center  of  the  circular  building  is  a  rotunda  60 
feet  in  diameter,  in  the  middle  of  which  is  a  basin  or  pool  about  26  feet 
wide  from  which  arises  a  towering  mass  of  rocks  covered  with  moss  and 
lichens.  From  clefts  and  crevices  in  the  rocks  crystal  streams  of  water 
gush  and  drop  to  the  masses  of  reeds,  rushes,  and  ornamental  semi-aquat- 
ic plants  in  the  basin  below.  In  this  pool  gorgeous  gold  fishes,  golden 
ides,  golden  tench,  and  other  fishes  disport.  From  the  rotunda  one  side: 


GROUNDS  AND  BUILDINGS.  35 

of  the  larger  series  of  aquaria  may  be  viewed.  These  are  ten  in  number, 
and  have  a  capacity  of  7,000  to  27,000  gallons  of  water.  Passing  out  of 
the  rotunda  by  the  entrances  a  great  corridor  or  gallery  is  reached  where 
on  one  hand  may  be  viewed  the  opposite  side  of  the  series  of  great  tanks 
and  on  the  other  a  line  of  tanks  somewhat  smaller,  ranging  from  750  to 
1,500  gallons  each  in  capacity.  The  corridor  or  gallery  is  about  fifteen 
feet  wide.  The  entire  length  of  the  glass  fronts  of  the  aquaria  is  about 
575  feet,  or  over  3,000  square  feet  of  surface.  The  total  water  capacity  of 
the  aquaria,  exclusive  of  reservoirs,  is  18,725  cubic  feet,  or  140,000  gallons. 
This  weighs  1,192,425  pounds,  or  almost  600  tons.  Of  this  amount  about 
40,000  gallons  are  devoted  to  the  marine  exhibit.  In  the  entire  salt  water 
circulation,  including  reservoirs,  there  are  about  80,000  gallons.  It  is  a 
matter  of  importance  that  provision  was  made  in  the  upper  part  of  the 
building  for  an  eating  saloon  in  which  a  specialty  is  made  of  supplying 
food  composed  of  fish  and  other  animals  taken  from  the  water. 

GROUP  NO.  III. 

UNITED  STATES  NAVAL  EXHIBIT,  BATTLE  SHIP,  MARINE  HOSPITAL,  LIKE 
SAVING  STATION,  U.  S.  EXHIBITS  OF  AGRICULTURE,  HORTICULTURE  AND 
IRRIGATION,  U.  S.  GOVERNMENT  BUILDING,  PARADE  GROUNDS,  MANU- 
FACTURES AND  LIBERAL  ARTS  BUILDING,  AND  SPECIAL  CONCESSIONS  ON 
THE  LAKE  SHORE. 

ENTRANCE. —  Foot  of  57th  or  59th  Street ;  may  be  reached  by  I.  C.  R. 
R.  or  by  Cottage  Grove  Avenue  Cable  lyine.  Entrance  from  water  front 
to  Government  Pier  may  be  reached  by  World's  Fair  steamers.  Most 
pleasant  and  convenient  method  of  reaching  this  group,  by  way  of  57th 
Street  entrance,  east  over  avenue  between  Art  Gallery  and  State  group, 
and  around  North  Pond.  Beginning  at  one  of  the  most  attractive  of  the 
exhibits,  I  will  first  call  your  attention  to  the 

BATTLE  SHIP  "  ILLINOIS." — The  location  is  on  the  pier  which  juts  out 
into  Lake  Michigan  by  what  is  known  as  the  north  inlet  of  the  Exposition 
water  system,  and  directly  east  of  the  Fisheries  Building.  Dimenisons 
in  feet  69.25  x  348.  Cost  $100,000.  It  is  unique  among  the  exhibits  of  the 
Exposition,  being  a  structure  which,  to  all  outward  appearance,  is  a 
faithful  full-sized  model  of  one  of  the  new  coast-line  battle  ships.  This 
imitation  battle  ship  of  1893  is  erected  on  piling.  It  is  surrounded  by 
water  and  has  the  appearance  of  being  moored  to  a  wharf.  The  struc- 
ture has  all  the  fittings  that  belong  to  the  actual  ship,  such  as  guns, 
turrets,  torpedo  tubes,  torpedo  nets  and  booms,  with  boats,  anchors,  chain 
cables,  davits,  awnings,  deck  fittings,  etc.,  etc.,  together  with  all  appli- 
ances for  working  the  same.  Officers,  seamen,  mechanics  and  mariners 
are  detailed  by  the  Navy  Department  during  the  Exposition,  and  the 
discipline  and  mode  of  life  on  our  naval  vessels  are  completely  shown. 
The  detail  of  men  is  not,  however,  as  great  as  the  complement  of  the 
actual  ship.  The  crew  gives  certain  drills,  especially  boat,  torpedo,  and 
gun  drills,  as  in  a  vessel  of  war.  The  dimensions  of  the  structure  are 
those  of  the  actual  battle  ship,  to-wit :  length,  348  feet,  width  amidships, 
69  feet  3  inches,  and  from  the  water  line  to  the  top  of  the  main  deck,  12 


36  GUIDE  TO  THE  WORLD'S  FAIR 

feet.  Centrally  placed  on  this  deck  is  a  superstructure  8  feet  high  with  a 
hammock  berthing  on  the  same  7  feet  high,  and  above  these  are  the 
bridge,  chart  house,  and  the  boats.  At  the  forward  end  of  the  super- 
structure there  is  a  cone-shaped  tower,  called  the  "military  mast,"  near 
the  top  of  which  are  placed  two  circular  "tops"  as  receptacles  for  sharp- 
shooters. Rapid-firing  guns  are  mounted  in  each  of  these  tops.  The 
height  from  the  water  line  to  the  summit  of  this  military  mast  is  76  feet, 
and  above  is  placed  a  flagstaff  for  signaling.  The  battery  mounted  com- 
prises four  13-inch  breech-loading  rifle  cannon  ;  eight  8-inch  breech-load- 
ing rifle  cannon;  four  6-inch  breech-loading  rifle  cannon;  twenty 
6-pounder  rapid-firing  guns ;  six  1-pound  rapid-firing  guns ;  two  Gatling 
guns,  and  six  torpedo  tubes  or  torpedo  guns.  All  of  these  are  placed  and 
mounted  respectively  as  in  the  genuine  battle  ship.  On  the  starboard 
side  of  the  ship  is  shown  the  torpedo  protection  net,  stretching  the  entire 
length  of  the  vessel.  Steam  launches  and  cutters  ride  at  the  booms,  and 
all  the  outward  appearance  of  a  real  ship  of  war  is  imitated.  As  we  leave 
the  naval  exhibit  and  walk  toward  the  shore  we  find  on  our  right  the 

MARINE  HOSPITAL. —  Where  an  exhibition  is  made  of  the  methods 
adopted  by  the  United  States  Government  iu  its  Marine  Hospital  service. 
Next  we  come  to  the 

UNITED  STATES  LIFE  SAVING  EXHIBIT. —  Where  all  the  most  improved 
life  saving  appliances  are  exhibited.  Adjoining  this  to  the  west  is  the 

UNITED  STATES  LIFE  SAVING  STATION. —  And  surrounding  this  group 

an  exhibit  of  Life  Boat  launches  and  amodel  of  a  Light  House,  together 

with  other  exhibits  illustrative  of  the  appliances  used  by  the  Government 

in  its  marine  service  for  the  protection  and  preservation  of  life.     In  front 

of  us  as  we  face  south  are  the 

UNITED  STATES  EXHIBITS —  Of  agriculture,  horticulture  and  irriga- 
tion. Below  these  exhibits  is  the 

UNITED  STATES  PARADE  GROUND. — And  facing  all  is  the 

UNITED  STATES  GOVERNMENT  BUILDING, —  Which  also  has  a  frontage 
on  the  lagoon.  The  United  States  Government  Building  has  been  the 
subject  of  much  critical  controversy .  To  the  average  visitor  it  will  appear 
to  be  an  imposing  and  beautiful  structure.  Its  cost  was  $400,000  ;  dimen- 
sions in  feet  345x415.  Delightfully  located  near  the  lake  shore,  south  of 
the  main  lagoon,  and  of  the  area  reserved  for  the  foreign  nations  and  the 
several  States,  and  east  of  the  Woman's  Building  and  of  Midway  Plais- 
ance,  is  the  Government  Exhibit  building.  The  buildings  of  England, 
Germany  and  Mexico  are  near  by  to  the  northward.  It  is  classic  in  style,  and 
bears  a  strong  resemblance  to  the  National  Museum  and  other  Govern- 
ment Buildings  at  Washington.  It  is  constructed  of  iron  and  glass.  Its 
leading  architectural  feature  is  an  imposing  central  dome,  120  feet  in  di- 
ameter and  ISO  feet  high,  the  floor  of  which  will  be  kept  free  from  ex- 
hibits. The  building  fronts  to  the  west  and  connects  on  the  north  by  a 
bridge  over  the  lagoon,  with  the  building  of  the  Fisheries  exhibit.  The 
south  half  of  the  Government  building  is  devoted  to  the  exhibits  of  the 
Postoffice  Department,  Treasury  Department,  War  Department  and  De- 
partment of  Agriculture.  The  north  half  is  devoted  to  the  exhibits  of 


GROUNDS  AND  BUILDINGS.  37 

the  Fisheries  Commission,  Smithsonian  Institute  and  Interior  Depart- 
ment. The  State  Department  exhibit  extends  from  the  rotunda  to  the 
east  end,  and  that  of  the  Department  of  Justice  from  the  rotunda  to  the 
west  end  of  the  building.  The  allotment  of  space  for  the  several  depart- 
ment exhibits  is :  War  Department,  23,000  square  feet ;  Treasury,  10,500 
square  feet ;  Agriculture,  23,250  square  feet ;  Interior,  24,000 ;  Postoffice, 
9,000  square  feet ;  Fishery,  20,000  square  feet,  and  Smithsonian  Institute 
balance  of  space.  Directly  at  the  southwestern  corner  of  the  Government 
Building  is  a  fire  station  end  minor  buildings  intervene  between  the  Gov- 
ernment Building  and  the  greatest  structure  on  the  grounds,  the 

MANUFACTURES  AND  LIBERAI,  ARTS  BUILDING. — Dimensions  infect 
787  x  1687 ;  area  in  acres  30.5  ;  cost  $1,500,000.  This  is  the  leviathan  of  the 
Exposition.  It  is  as  notable  for  the  symmetry  of  its  proportions,  howev- 
er, as  for  its  immense  size.  It  is  the  largest  exposition  building  ever  con- 
structed. The  flcor  alone  consumed  over  3,000,000  feet  of  lumber  and  five 
carloads  of  nails.  To  say  that  this  giant  structure  contains  thirty  and 
one-half  acres  of  floor  space  gives  but  a  faint  idea  of  its  immense  size.  A 
clearer  impression  may  be  gained  by  the  statement  that  1,000  cottages,  25 
x50  feet,  could  find  room  within  its  walls,  and  that  5,000  people  could 
live  without  crowding  in  these  cottages.  Within  the  building  a  gallery 
fifty  feet  wide  extends  around  all  four  sides,  and  projecting  from  this  are 
eighty-six  smaller  galleries,  twelve  feet  wide,  from  which  visitors  may 
survey  the  vast  array  of  exhibits  and  busy  scenes  below.  The  galleries 
are  approached  upon  the  main  floor  by  thirty  great  staircases,  the  flights 
of  which  are  twelve  feet  wide  each.  "  Columbia  avenue,"  fifty  feet  wide, 
extends  through  the  mammoth  building  longitudinally,  and  an  avenue  of 
like  width  crosses  it  at  right  angles  at  the  center.  The  main  roof  is  of 
iron  and  glass  and  arches  an  area  385x1400  feet,  and  has  its  ridge  150 
feet  from  the  ground.  The  building,  including  its  galleries,  has  about  40 
acres  of  floor  space.  The  Manufactures  and  Liberal  Arts  Building  is  in 
the  Corinthian  style  of  architecture,  and  in  point  of  being  severely  classic 
excels  nearly  all  the  other  edifices.  The  long  array  of  columns  and 
arches  which  its  facades  present  is  relieved  from  monotony  by  very  elab- 
orate ornamentation.  In  this  ornamentation  female  figures,  symbolical 
of  the  various  arts  and  sciences,  play  a  conspicuous  and  very  attractive 
part.  The  exterior  of  the  building  is  covered  with  "  staff,"  which  is 
treated  to  represent  marble.  The  huge  fluted  columns  and  the  immense 
arches  are  apparently  of  this  beautiful  material.  There  are  four  great 
entrances,  one  in  the  center  of  each  facade.  These  are  designed 
in  the  manner  of  triumphant  arches,  the  central  archway  of  each 
being  forty  feet  wide  and  eighty  feet  high.  Surmounting  these  por- 
tals is  the  great  attic  story,  ornamented  with  sculptured  eagles  eighteen 
feet  high,  and  on  each  side  above  the  side  arches  are  great  panels  with 
inscriptions,  and  the  spandrils  are  filled  with  sculptured  figures  in  bas- 
reliefs.  At  each  corner  of  the  main  building  are  pavilions  forming  great 
arched  entrances,  which  are  designed  in  harmony  with  the  great  portals. 
The  building  occupies  a  most  conspicuous  place  in  the  grounds.  It  faces 
the  lake  with  only  lawns  and  promenades  between.  North  of  it  is  the 
United  States  Government  building ;  south,  the  harbor  and  in-jutting  la- 


38  GUIDE  TO  THE  WORLD'S  FAIR 

goou,  and  west  the  Electrical  building  and  the  lagoon  separating  it  from 
the  great  island,  which  in  part  is  wooded  and  in  part  resplendent  with 
acres  of  bright  flowers  of  varied  hues.  In  the  construction  of  this  build- 
ing the  contractors  put  in  some  of  the  heaviest  timber  ever  used  in  this  or 
any  other  country.  There  are  twenty-seven  main  trusses,  with  a  span 
of  380  feet  and  a  height  of  211  feet.  They  are  fourteen  feet  wide  at  the 
floor  and  ten  at  the  apex.  These  trusses  with  the  eight  smaller  gable 
trusses  weigh  10,800,000  pounds  The  main  trusses  weigh  about  350,000 
pounds  each.  The  interior  of  this  magnificent  structure  is  a  city  of  beau- 
tiful pavilions,  pagodas  and  enclosures  allotted  to  every  nation  on 
the  earth,  in  which  displays  are  made  of  everything  in  the  way 
of  manufactures.  I  have  only  space  here  to  give  the  principal 
groups,  which  may  serve  as  an  index  to  the  interior:  Chemical 
and  Pharmaceutical  products  —  Druggists'  Supplies;  Paints,  colors, 
Dyes  and  Varnishes ;  Typewriters,  Paper,  Blank  Books,  Stationery ; 
Furniture  of  Interiors,  Upholstery  and  Artistic  Decoration;  Ceramics 
and  Mosaics ;  marble,  stone  and  metal  monuments ;  mausoleums,  mantels, 
etc.,  caskets,  coffins  and  undertakers'  furnishing  goods ;  art  metal  work, 
enamels,  etc.,  glass  and  glass  ware;  stained  glass  and  decoration;  carv- 
ings in  various  materials ;  gold  and  silver  ware,  plate,  etc.;  jewelry  and 
ornaments;  horology,  watches,  clocks,  etc.;  silk  and  silk  fabrics;  fabrics 
of  Jute,  Ramie  and  other  vegetable  and  mineral  fibres,  Yarns  and  Woven 
goods  of  Cotton,  Linen  and  other  vegetable  fibres,  "Woven  and  Felted 
goods  of  Wool  and  mixtures  of  wool ;  clothing  and  costumes,  Furs  and 
Fur  Clothing ;  Laces,  Embroideries,  Trimmings,  Artificial  Flowers, 
Fans,  etc.;  Hair  Work,  Coiffures,  and  Accessories  of  the  Toilet;  Travel- 
ing Equipments,  Valises,  Trunks,  Toilet  Cases,  Fancy  Leather  Works, 
•Canes,  Umbrellas,  Parasols,  etc.;  Rubber  Goods,  Gutta  Percha,  Celluloid 
and  Zylonite ;  Toys  and  Fancy  Articles ;  Leather  and  Manufactures  of 
Leather;  Scales,  Weights  and  Measures ;  Material  of  War ;  Ordnance  and 
Ammunition;  Weapons  and  Apparatus  of  Hunting,  Trapping,  etc.;  Mili- 
tary and  Sporting  and  Small  Arms;  Lighting  Apparatus  and  Appliances ; 
Heating  and  Cooking  Apparatus  and  Appliances ;  Refrigerators,  Hollow 
Metal  Ware,  Tinware,  Enameled  Ware ;  Wire  Goods  and  Screens,  Per- 
forated Sheets,  Lattice  Work,  Fencing,  etc. ;  Wrought  Iron  and  Thin  Met- 
al Exhibits ;  Vaults,  Safes,  Hardware,  Edge  Tools,  Cutlery ;  Plumbing 
and  Sanitary  Materials;  Miscellaneous  Articles  of  Manufacture  not  here- 
tofore classed  ;  Apparatus  illustrating  the  Phenomena  and  Laws  of  Elec- 
tricity and  Magnetism ;  Apparatus  for  Electrical  Measurements ;  Electric 
Batteries,  Primary  and  Secondary ;  Machines  and  Appliances  for  pro- 
ducing Electrical  Currents  by  mechanical  Power — Dynamical  Electrici- 
ty ;  Transmission  and  Regulation  of  the  Electrical  Current ;  Electric 
Motors ;  Application  of  Electric  Motors ;  Lighting  by  Electricity  ;  Heat- 
ing by  Electricity ;  Electro-Metallurgy  and  Electro-Chemistry ;  Electric 
Forging,  Welding,  Stamping,  Tempering,  Brazing,  etc.;  Electric  Tele- 
gram and  Electric  Signals ;  The  Telephone  and  its  Appliances ;  Pho- 
nographs; Electricity  in  Surgery,  Dentistry  and  Therapeutics;  Appli- 
cation of  Electricity  in  various  ways  not  hereinbefore  specified; 
History  and  Statistics  of  Electrical  Invention;  Progress  and  Devel- 


[Engraved  For  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 
U.  S.  GOVERNMENT  BUILDING.— WORLD'S  COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION. 


[Engraved  For  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 
TRANSPORTATION  BUILDING.— WORLD'S  COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION. 


[Engraved  For  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 
THE  BATTLE    SHIP— NAVAL  EXHIBIT.— WORLD'S  COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION. 


[Engraved  for  the  Standard  Guide  Co.] 
THE  LAGOON— WORLD'S  COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION. 


GROUNDS   AND  BUILDINGS.  41 

opment  in  Electrical  Science  and  Construction,  as  illustrated  by 
models  and  drawings  of  various  countries ;  Sculpture ;  Painting's  in 
Oil ;  Paintings  in  Water  Colors ;  Paintings  on  Ivory,  on  Enamel, 
on  Metal,  on  Porcelain  or  other  wares;  Fresco  Paintings  on  Walls; 
Engravings  and  Etchings ;  Prints ;  Chalk,  Charcoal  and  Pastel, 
and  other  Drawings ;  Antique  and  Modern  Carvings  ;  Engravings  in  Me- 
dallions or  in  Gems ;  Cameos,  Intaglios ;  Exhibits  of  Private  Collections ; 
Pyhsical  Development,  Training  and  Condition  —  Hygiene;  Instruments 
and  Apparatus  of  Medicine,  Surgery  and  Prosthesis ;  Primary,  Secondary 
and  Superior  Education  ;  Literature,  Books,  L/ibraries,  Journalism ;  In- 
struments of  Precision,  Experiment,  Research,  and  Photography  ;  Photo- 
graphs ;  Civil  Engineering,  Public  Works,  Constructive  Architecture ; 
Government  and  Law ;  Commerce,  Trade  and  Banking ;  Institutions  and 
Organizations  for  the  Increase  and  Diifusion  of  Knowledge ;  Social,  In- 
dustrial and  Co-Operative  Associations ;  Religious  Organizations  and 
Systems  —  Statistics  and  Publications ;  Music  and  Musical  Instruments 
—  The  Theatre.  On.  the  Lake  Shore  of  the  great  Manufactures  Building 
is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  stretches  of  sea  wall  on  earth.  The  Parade 
walk  which  rises  above  the  granite  water-fence  is  wide,  and  along  here  a 
perfect  stream  of  people  is  constantly  moving  in  either  direction.  Just  as 
you  turn  the  northeast  corner  of  the  Manufactures  Building  you  will  no- 
tice a  beautiful  little  building  of  the  pagoda  pattern.  This  is  the  special 
concession  of  the  Van  Houten  Cocoa  Company.  At  the  extreme  southern 
corner  of  the  building,  another  pagoda  is  erected  belonging  to  the  special 
concession  of  Walter  Baker  &  Co.  These  and  similar  pagodas  are  to  be 
found  in  different  parts  of  the  Exposition  grounds,  and  are  principally 
used  for  the  dispensation  of  refreshments.  The  temptation  to  pass  by 
the  Music  Hall  through  the  magnificent  colonnade  which  connects  with 
the  Casino  at  this  point  is  very  great.  Should  you  desire  to  enter  this 
section  of  the  Exposition,  I  must  refer  you  to  Group  No.  6.  For  the  pre- 
sent, however,  we  will  return  to 

GROUP  NO.  IV. 

THE  WOODED  ISLAND  —  WHITE  STAR  STEAMSHIP  BUILDING  —  PUCK  BUILD- 
ING—  JAPANESE  VILLAGE  —  HUNTER'S  CABIN  —  WOMEN'S  BUILDING  — 
CHILDREN'S  BUILDING  —  HORTICULTURAL  BUILDING  —  CHORAL  HALL  — 
TRANSPORTATION  BUILDING  — MINES  AND  MINING  BUILDING  —  ELEC- 
TRICITY BUILDING. 

ENTRANCES. —  57th,  59th,  60th,  61st,  62nd  or  63rd  street  gates.  En- 
trance through  59th  street  gate,  preferred.  This  entrance,  if  taken,  will 
conduct  you  directly  in  front  of  the  Illinois  Building,  and  to  the  north 
end  of  the  great  lagoon.  Looking  down  the  lagoon  a  wonderful  and  an 
enchanting  view  meets  your  sight.  In  the  center  is  the 

WOODED  ISLAND. —  A  little  irregularly  shaped  body  of  land  which  has 
been  transformed  into  a  veritable  paradise.  At  the  northern  end  of  the 
island  you  will  behold  a  group  of  Japanese  houses.  These  may  be  ap- 
proached by  a  bridge  which  crosses  from  the  northeast  corner  of  the 


42  GUIDE  TO  THE  WORLD'S   FAIR 

Horticultural  Building  to  the  island.  At  the  western  extremity  of  the 
bridge  approach  is  the 

WHITE  STAR  STEAMSHIP  BUILDING. —  And  behind  it  the  classic  and 
beautiful 

PUCK  BUILDING. —  Crossing-  the  bridge  to  the  island,  we  find  ourselves 
in  the 

JAPANESE  VILLAGE. —  The  space  allotted  to  the  Japanese  Govern- 
ment for  the  buildings  in  this  group  includes  about  two  acres.  The  cost 
of  the  buildings,  including  the  elaboration  of  the  gardens  about  them, 
was  $100,000.  These  peculiar  edifices  will  be  presented  to  Chicago  by  the 
Japanese  Government  at  the  close  of  the  Fair.  One  of  the  buildings  is  a 
reproduction  of  Kin-Kakuji,  situated  at  Kioto,  a  monastery  of  the  Zen 
sect.  Its  name  indicates  the  Golden  Pavilion,  and  the  date  of  the  erec- 
tion of  the  original  runs  back  to  1397,  or  nearly  one  hundred  years  before 
the  discovery  of  America.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  garden  with  ornamental 
and  small  islands  in  the  form  of  tortoises.  The  pavilion  on  the  water's 
edge  is  three  stories  high,  and  the  decorations  are  brilliant  with  gilding 
and  coloring.  The  second  building  is  a  fac-simileof  the  Hoo-Do  or  Phenix 
Hall,  a  structure  which  dates  back  to  1052.  It  is  shaped  in  a  manner  de- 
signed to  represent  the  fabulous  bird  which  could  not  be  destroyed  by  fire. 
The  Japanese  pavilion  in  the  Manufactures  Building  will  be  seen  later. 
Japan  was  given  40,000  square  feet  of  space  on  the  Wooded  Island,  and  in 
addition  to  this  35,000  square  feet  in  the  Manufactures  Building,  4,000  in 
the  Agricultural  Building,  2,000  in  the  Fine  Arts  Building,  750  in  the 
Mines  and  Mining  Building,  350  in  the  Forestry  Building  and  42,000  for 
her  bazar  on  the  Midway  Plaisance.  South  of  the  Japanese  Buildings 
you  come,  after  passing  through  serpentine  pathways  running  through 
banks  and  beds  of  beautiful  roses,  to  the 

HUNTERS'  CABIN,  OR  DAVY  CROCKETT  CAMP. — This  cabin  is  half 
hidden  by  the  scrub  trees  at  the  south  end  of  the  island,  and  is  nearly  in 
front  of  the  great  Mines  and  Mining  building.  The  hut  presents  a  strik- 
ing contrast  to  the  stately  edifices  that  loom  above  it  on  all  sides.  It  is 
filled  with  relics  of  Davy  Crockett,  and  of  old  hunting  and  trapper  days 
in  Western  America.  After  walking  about  the  island  and  admiring  the 
magnificent  display  of  flowers  and  foliage,  the  visitor  will  return  by  the 
same  bridge  and  directing  his  steps  to  the  right,  will  find  himself  in 
front  of  the 

WOMEN'S  BUILDING. —  This  is  situated  directly  east  of  Midway  Plai- 
sance, or  between  what  would  be,  were  the  avenues  extended,  59th  and 
60th  streets,  and  facing  the  north  end  of  the  lagoon.  Dimensions  in  feet, 
199x388 ;  cost,  $138,000.  Among  the  great  number  of  sketches  submitted 
in  competition  for  this  building  by  women  from  all  over  the  land  the  pres- 
ident of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  quickly  discovered  in  the  sketch 
submitted  by  Miss  Sophia  G.  Hayden  that  harmony  of  grouping  and 
gracefulness  of  detail  which  indicated  the  architectural  scholar,  and  to 
her  was  awarded  the  first  prize  of  a  thousand  dollars,  and  also  the  execu- 
tion of  the  design.  Directly  in  front  of  the  building  the  lagoon  takes  the 
form  of  a  bay,  about  400  feet  in  width.  From  the  center  of  this  bay  a 


GROUNDS   AND  BUILDINGS.  43- 

grand  landing  and  staircase  leads  to  a  terrace  six  feet  above  the  water. 
Crossing-  this  terrace  other  staircases  give  access  to  the  ground  four  feet 
above  on  which,  about  100  feet  back,  the  building  is  situated.  The  first 
terrace  is  designed  in  artistic  flower  beds  and  low  shrubs.  The  principal 
facade  has  an  extreme  length  of  400  feet,  the  depth  of  the  building  being 
half  this  distance.  Italian  renaissance  is  the  style  selected.  The  first 
story  is  raised  about  ten  feet  from  the  ground  line,  and  a  wide  staircase 
leads  to  the  center  pavilion.  This  pavilion,  forming  the  main  triple- 
arched  entrance,  with  an  open  colonnade  in  the  second  story,  is  finished 
with  a  low  pediment  enriched  with  a  highly  elaborate  bas-relief.  The 
corner  pavilions  have  each  an  open  colonnade  added  above  the  main  cor- 
nice. Here  are  located  the  Hanging  Gardens.  A  lobby  40  feet  wide 
leads  into  the  open  rotunda,  70x65  feet,  reaching  through  the  height  of 
the  building,  and  protected  by  a  richly  ornamented  sky-light.  This  ro- 
tunda is  surrounded  by  a  two-story  open  arcade,  as  delicate  and  chaste  in 
design  as  the  exterior,  the  whole  having  a  thoroughly  Italian  court-yard 
effect,  admitting  abundance  of  light  to  all  rooms  facing  this  interior 
space.  On  the  first  floor  are  located  on  the  left  hand,  a  model  hospital 
on  the  right,  a  model  kindergarten;  each  occupying  80x60  feet.  The 
whole  floor  of  the  south  pavilion  is  devoted  to  the  retrospective  exhibit ; 
the  one  on  the  north  to  reform  work  and  charity  organization.  Each  of 
these  floors  is  80x200  feet.  The  curtain  opposite  the  main  front  contains 
the  library,  bureau  of  information,  records,  etc.  In  the  second  story  are 
located  ladies'  parlors,  committee  rooms  and  dressing  rooms,  all  leading 
to  the  open  balcony  in  front.  The  whole  second  floor  of  the  north 
pavilion  encloses  the  great  assembly-room  and  club-room.  The  first 
of  these  is  provided  with  an  elevated  stage  for  the  accommodation 
of  speakers.  The  south  pavilion  contains  the  model  kitchen,  refresh- 
ment rooms,  reception  rooms  and  other  home-like  arrangements.  This 
building  is  not  a  department  of  the  great  Exposition  proper.  It 
practically  represents  a  great  international  Exposition  in  itself.  There 
are  grouped  within  its  walls  the  achievements  of  womankind,  in  every 
line  of  thought  and  in  every  branch  of  industry.  Contributions  have 
been  made  and  exhibits  forwarded  from  the  women  of  every  clime  and 
country  on  the  face  of  the  earth.  In  nothing  are  the  exhibits  so  remark- 
able as  in  the  showing  they  make  of  the  wonderful  progress  made  by 
womankind  during  the  past  100  years.  By  comparison  the  exhibits  show 
that  woman  has  not  only  entered  into  competition  with  man  in  the  arts 
and  sciences,  in  the  more  delicate  achievements  of  handwork,  'but  in  al- 
most every  department  of  human  activity,  not  excluding  the  industries 
which  demand  the  exercise  of  vigorous  mental  thought  and  muscular 
power.  The  work  of  female  artisans  is  shown  here,  as  well  as  the  work 
of  female  writers.  Not  among  the  least  novel  of  the  exhibits  are  speci- 
mens of  iron  work  wrought  at  the  anvil  by  a  young  lady  of  California. 
Space  in  this  Guide  does  not  permit  mention  of  all  that  is  to  be  seen  here. 
L,et  it  suffice  that  in  nearly  every  thing  that  the  visitor  will  see  in  the 
great  Department  Buildings  of  the  Exposition  the  management  of  the 
ladies'  department  has  been  able  to  show  creditable  duplications.  Be- 
tween the  Women's  and  the  Horticultural  Buildings,  we  find  one  of  the 
most  interesting  and  unique  exhibits  on  the  grounds.  This  is  the 


44  GUIDE  TO  THE   WORLD'S   FAIR 

CHILDREN'S  BUILDING. — Although  the  subject  of  providing  for  chil- 
dren an  Exhibition  Hall  of  their  own  had  been  talked  of  from  the  incep- 
tion of  the  Exposition,  it  was  not  until  the  work  on  the  greaterpart  of 
the  large  buildings  was  completed  that  the  plans  of  the  projectors  began 
to  assume  shape.  As  soon,  however,  as  these  plans  were  properly  out- 
lined, not  only  the  States  of  the  Union,  but  foreign  governments  took 
kindly  to  the  work,  and  the  Exposition  management  appropriated  $20,000 
for  the  building  itself,  and  315,000  toward  furnishing  it.  The  general 
plan  of  the  building  is  beautiful  though  simple.  It  is  two  stories  high, 
and  its  roof  is  constructed  with  a  special  object  of  making  it  a  playground 
for  children.  There  are  grasses,  plants,  flowers,  birds  and  butterflies  on 
this  roof.  The  little  girls  may  chase  butterflies,  while  the  little  boys  may 
fly  kites  from  it.  In  the  center  of  the  roof  is  a  fountain  with  a  basin  deep 
enough  to  float  toy  boats  in.  Exerything  that  is  likely  to  instruct  or 
amuse  children,  or  to  instruct  parents  and  those  interested  in  children,  in 
their  education  may  be  found  in  the  halls  below.  A  great  creche  is  estab- 
lished here,  and  it  is  the  purpose  to  provide  for  the  children  while  parents 
are  viewing  the  sights  of  the  Exposition.  At  a  small  cost  a  child  may  be 
left  here  by  the  hour  or  by  the  day.  Careful  nurses  and  attendants  will 
look  to  the  wants  of  the  little  ones.  It  is  unnecessary  to  say  that  inside 
this  building  may  be  found  toys  of  every  possible  description.  Foreign 
governments  have  contributed  largely  toward  the  display.  The  Japanese 
and  the  Dutch,  who  are  fertile  in  the  invention  of  amusing  things  for 
children,  have  taken  considerable  space.  There  are  higher  ends  than 
these  in  view.  Parents,  guardians  and  teachers  will  be  taught  much  in 
the  lectures  to  be  given  by  persons  who  have  made  children  and  their 
habits  a  study.  Passing  by  the  Puck  and  White  Star  Building,  we  cross 
over  to  one  of  the  crowning  triumphs  of  the  Exposition,  the 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDING. —  Dimensions  in  feet,  250x998;  green 
houses  (8),  dimensions  in  feet,  24x100.  Cost  of  all,  $325,000.  In  front  is 
a  flower  terrace  for  outside  exhibits,  including  tanks  for  nympheas  and 
the  victoria-regia.  The  front  of  the  terrace,  with  its  low  parapet  be- 
tween large  vases,  borders  the  water  and  at  its  center  forms  a  boat 
landing.  The  plan  is  a  central  pavilion  with  two  end  pavilions, 
each  connected  to  the  center  pavilion  by  front  and  rear  curtains, 
forming  two  interior  courts,  each  88x270  feet.  These  courts  are 
beautifully  decorated  in  color  and  planted  with  ornamental  shrubs 
and  flowers.  The  center  pavilion  is  roofed  by  a  crystal  dome  187 
feet  in  diameter  and  113  feet  high,  under  which  are  exhibited 
the  tallest  palms,  bamboos  and  tree  ferns  that  could  be  procured. 
There  is  a  gallery  in  each  of  the  pavilions.  The  galleries  of  the 
end  pavilions  are  designed  for  cafes,  the  situation  and  the  surround- 
ings being  particularly  well  adapted  to  recreation  and  refreshment. 
These  cafes  are  surrounded  by  an  arcade  on  three  sides,  from  which 
charming  views  of  the  grounds  may  be  obtained.  In  this  building  are  va- 
rieties of  flowers,  plants,  vines,  seeds,  horticultural  implements,  etc. 
Those  exhibits  requiring  sunshine  and  light  are  shown  in  the  rear  cur- 
tains, where  the  roof  is  entirely  of  glass  and  not  too  far  removed  from 
the  plants.  The  front  curtains  and  under  the  galleries  are  designed  for 


[Engraved  For  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 
AGRICULTURAL  BUILDING-WORLD'S  COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION. 


[Fnpraved  For  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 
WOMAN'S  BUILDING.— WORLD'S  COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION. 


Lilngraved  For  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 
FISHERIES   BUILDING.-WORLD'S  COLUMBIAN   EXPOSITION. 


[Engraved  For  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

ILLINOIS:.  STATE  BUILDING.— WORLD'S  COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION. 


GROUNDS   AND    BUILDINGS.  47 

exhibits  that  require  only  the  ordinary  amount  of  light.  Provision  is 
made  to  heat  such  parts  as  require  it.  The  exterior  of  the  building-  is  in 
staff  or  stucco,  tinted  a  soft  warm  buff,  color  being  reserved  for  the  inte- 
rior and  the  courts.  One  of  the  beautiful  effects  produced  in  this  build- 
ing comes  from  the  miniature  mountain,  seventy  feet  high  in  the  center, 
upon  which  giant  tree  ferns,  palms  and  other  vegetation  grow.  A  moun- 
tain stream  down  from  one  declivity  to  another  plays  hide  and  seek 
amidst  the  foliage.  Beneath  this  mountain  is  a  cave  eighty  feet  in  diam- 
eter and  sixty  feet  high,  brilliantly  lighted  by  electricity,  where,  during 
the  whole  six  months  of  the  Exposition,  the  experiment  will  be  tried 
whether  plants  will  grow  under  electric  light  as  well  as  under  sunlight. 
On  the  roof  of  the  building,  around  the  central  dome,  an  elaborate  dis- 
play of  roof-gardening  is  made.  It  is  expected  that  this  will  not  only  be 
pleasurable  to  visitors,  but  will  afford  valuable  suggestions  that  will  be 
utilized  by  persons  who  live  in  large  cities  and  are  deprived  of  door-yards 
and  lawns.  In  entering  Horticultural  Hall,  I  would  advise  you  to  take 
the  circular  walk  around  the  dome  in  the  first  place.  About  half  way 
around  to  the  right  you  will  find  the  century  plant,  where  a  guage  is 
shown  that  has  marked  its  growth  daily  since  it  was  placed  in  the  build- 
ing in  the  fall  of  1892.  Perhaps,  never  before  in  the  history  of  the  world, 
has  such  a  varied  and  wonderful  display  of  foliage,  native,  foreign,  semi- 
tropical  and  tropical,  been  made  under  the  roof  of  one  building.  The  spe- 
cimens of  palm  and  cacti  are  so  numerous  and  various  that  they  would  in 
themselves  form  a  wonderful  horticultural  exhibition.  The  wings  stretch- 
ing out  north  and  south  from  the  great  dome,  together  with  the  immense 
annex,  are  filled  with  the  rarest  and  most  beautiful  specimens  the  world 
produces.  Horticultural  Hall  could  not  properly  be  described  in  a  volume 
four  times  the  size  of  this  Guide  Book.  Nearly  all  of  the  trees,  the  foli- 
age, etc.,  are  plainly  marked,  so  that  the  visitor  will  not  be  confused  or 
left  in  ignorance  as  to  the  character  of  the  exhibits.  We  cannot  linger 
here  now,  and  leaving  the  Horticultural  Hall  with  regret,  at  the  main  en- 
trance fronting  the  lagoon.  Passing  south  we  come  to  the  great  festival 
or 

CHORAL  HALL. —  Dimensions  260x250  feet.  This  building  is  directly 
between  the  Horticultural  and  Transportation  buildings,  and  faces  the 
lagoon.  From  the  terrace  in  front  you  have  an  almost  unobstructed 
view  of  the  Mines  and  Mining,  the  Electricity,  the  Manufactures,  the 
Government  building,  and  the  Wooded  Island.  Music  and  its  votaries 
have  two  beautiful  homes  within  the  Exposition  enclosure.  One  of  these 
is  the  Music  Hall  at  the  north  end  of  the  Peristyle,  at  the  extreme  end  of 
the  basin  running  eastwardly  from  the  Administration  Building.  The 
other  is  the  Festival  or  Choral  Hall  of  which  I  am  now  speaking.  The 
style  of  the  building  is  Doric.  Its  form,  which  resembles  an  amphithea- 
tre surmounted  by  a  dome,  gives  the  building  both  externally  and  inter- 
nally, a  rounded  form,  from  which  project  on  four  sides  porticos,  the  one 
facing  the  lagoon  being  the  principal  entrance  and  enriched  by  Doric  col- 
umns six  and  one-half  feet  in  diameter.  From  the  portico  leads  the  flight 
of  steps,  at  the  foot  of  which  stand  two  statues  representing  Handel  and 
Bach.  On  either  side  of  the  portico  are  panels  in  relief  work,  represent- 


48  GUIDE   TO   THE   WORLD'S    KAIR 

ing  the  progress  of  music,  and  in  the  panels  over  the  doors  are  relief  por- 
traits of  Gluck,  Berlioz,  Wagner,  Schumann,  Schubert,  Mozart,  Mendels- 
sohn, Bach,  Handel  and  Beethoven.  The  interior  has  the  form  of  a 
Greek  theatre,  except  that  the  chorus  of  2500  voices  occupies  the  stage. 
There  are  no  galleries  of  any  kind.  The  building  seats  6,500  persons. 
The  decorations  are  in  relief  work  and  colors.  A  foyer  extends  around 
the  building  giving  ample  room  for  a  promenade.  The  Official  Guide 
to  the  Exposition  will  give  you  information  concerning  the  concerts 
to  be  held  within  this  hall  from  time  to  time.  Should  you  cross 
toward  the  West  on  the  avenue  which  leads  between  the  Horticultural  and 
Choral  buildings,  you  will  come  to  the  Service  Building  of  the  Exposition, 
an  uninteresting  structure  in  itself,  but  where  much  of  the  business  of  the 
Exposition,  preliminary  and  otherwise,  has  been  conducted.  Here  many 
of  the  Executive  officers  of  the  Exposition  are  located.  But  you  will  hard- 
ly go  over  there  unless  you  have  business.  Instead,  you  will  turn  your 
steps  toward  the  south  and  find  yourself  in  front  of  one  of  the  grandest 
structures  of  the  Exposition,  the 

TRANSPORTATION  BUILDING. —  Dimensions  in  feet  256x960  ;  5.6;  an- 
nex, dimensions  in  feet,  425  x  900;  cost  $370,000.  The  leading  architectural 
characteristics  of  this  building  disclose  simplicity  of  design,  harmonious 
structural  effects  and  dignity  of  massive  proportion  relieved  by  richly 
ornate  details.  At  the  center  it  is  surmounted  by  a  cupola  165  feet  high 
that  affords  an  extensive  view  of  grounds,  lake  and  surrounding  country. 
This  point  of  observation  is  reached  by  eight  elevators  (the  only  depart- 
ment building  thus  provided),  which  of  themselves  properly  form  a  part 
of  the  transportation  exhibits,  and  run  for  public  use.  With  these  the 
gallery  (72  feet  wide)  also  connects  at  an  intermediate  station  by  means 
of  a  bridge.  The  central  court  is  abundantly  lighted  from  the  clerestory 
above.  The  offices  of  the  department  are  located  in  the  gallery,  or  entre- 
sol, where  the  restaurant  is  also  located.  The  grand  portal  on  the  east 
front  facing  the  lagoon  consists  of  a  series  of  receding  arches  entirely 
overlaid  with  gold  leaf .  The  term  "Golden  Door"  hardly  conveys  an 
adequate  idea  of  the  impressive  splendor  of  this  approach.  'The  exterior 
arch  overhead  is  ornamented  with  striking  allegorical  figures  and  groups 
in  bas  relief.  On  one  side  appears  in  panel  an  original  study  in  ancient 
transportation,  and  on  the  opposite  side  the  palatial  accessories  of  modern 
railway  travel.  The  corners  above  the  arch  are  decorated  with  mural 
paintings  of  marine  and  railway  themes.  Four  minor  entrances  on  this 
front  and  other  elaborate  portals  at  either  end  of  the  main  building  are 
adorned  with  fountains  and  some  twenty  life-size  staues  of  inventors 
whose  history  is  identified  with  that  of  the  science  of  transportation.  I 
think  you  should  walk  completely  around  this  building  before  you  enter 
it.  The  statuary,  the  fresco  work,  the  decorations  are  in  themselves 
worthy  of  a  trip  of  a  thousand  miles.  I  have  not  time  here  to  describe  to 
you  the  magnificent  Golden  Portal  which  opens  on  the  east  side  of  this 
building.  That  has  been  pronounced  one  of  the  crowning  triumphs  of 
the  Exposition.  Inside  this  building  the  exhibit  is  of  wondrous  interest. 
Everything  that  man  has  used  for  transportation  since  history  began, 
from  the  ox  wagon  to  the  flying  machine  is  displayed  here.  Modern  in- 


GROUNDS  AND   BUILDINGS.  49 

vention  in  rapid  transit  machinery,  excepting  that  peculiarly  electric  in 
character,  is  shown.  The  latter  is  confined  as  much  as  can  be  to  the 
Electricity  Building.  For  full  information  in  relation  to  these  exhibits, 
I  must  refer  you  to  "  Flinn's  Hand  Book  of  the  World's  Columbian  Expo- 
sition," or  to  the  "Official  Guides"  sold  on  the  grounds.  From  this, 
among  the  greatest  of  the  attractions,  we  pass  over  to  the 

MINES  AND  MINING  BUILDING. —  Dimensions  in  feet,  350x700 ;  cost 
$265,000.  L<ocated  at  the  southern  extremity  of  the  western  lagoon 
or  lake,  and  between  the  Electricity  and  Transportation  Build- 
ings. Its  architecture  has  its  inspiration  in  early  Italian  renaissance, 
with  which  sufficient  liberty  is  taken  to  invest  the  building  with 
the  animation  that  should  characterize  a  great  general  Exposition.  There 
is  a  decided  French  spirit  pervading  the  exterior  design,  but  it  is  kept 
well  subordinated.  In  plan  it  is  simple  and  straightforward,  embracing 
on  the  ground  floor  spacious  vestibules,  restaurants,  toilet  rooms,  etc. 
On  each  of  the  four  sides  of  the  building  are  placed  the  entrances,  those 
of  the  north  and  south  fronts  being  the  most  spacious  and  prominent.  To 
the  right  and  left  of  each  entrance,  inside,  start  broad  flights  of  easy 
stairs  leading  to  the  galleries.  The  galleries  are  60  feet  wide  and  25  feet 
high  from  the  ground  floor,  and  are  lighted  on  the  sides  by  large  windows 
and  from  above  by  a  high  clerestory  extending  around  the  building.  The 
allegorical  figure  over  the  main  doorway  is  eminently  fitting  as  a  olassi- 
cal  representation  of  the  great  industry  to  which  the  edifice  is  dedicated. 
Mining  is  represented  as  a  colossal,  half-reclining  female  figure  in  Greek 
drapery,  holding  aloft,  in  one  hand,  a  lamp  to  guide  the  miner,  and  in  the 
other  a  pick.  The  figure  was  designed  by  Richard  W.  Bock.  More  than 
one  and  one-half  million  pounds  of  steel  and  iron  entered  the  construction 
of  this  building.  Directly  in  front  of  this  structure,  facing  the  canal,  is 
the 

ELECTRICITY  BUILDING. —  Dimensions  in  feet,  345x690;  cost  $401,000. 
Here  are  collected  the  most  novel  and  brilliant  exhibits  of  the  World's 
Fair.  The  south  front  is  on  the  great  quadrangle  or  court ;  the  north 
front  faces  the  lagoon;  the  east  front  faces  the  Manufactures  Building, 
and  the  west  faces  the  Mines  Building.  The  general  scheme  of  the  plan 
is  based  upon  a  longitudinal  nave  115  feet  wide  and  114  feet  high 
crossed  in  the  middle  by  a  transept  of  the  same  width  and  height.  The 
nave  and  the  transept  have  a  pitched  roof,  with  a  range  of  skylights  at 
the  bottom  of  the  pitch,  and  clerestory  windows.  The  rest  of  the  build- 
ing is  covered  with  a  flat  roof,  averaging  62  feet  in  height,  and  provided 
with  skylights.  The  second  story  is  composed  of  a  series  of  galleries  con- 
nected across  the  nave  by  two  bridges,  with  access  by  four  grand  stair- 
cases. The  area  of  the  galleries  in  the  second  story  is  118,546  square  feet 
or  2.7  acres.  The  exterior  walls  of  this  building  are  composed  of  a  con- 
tinuous Corinthian  order  of  pilasters,  3  feet  6  inches  wide  and  42  feet  high, 
supporting  a  full  entablature,  and  resting  upon  a  stylobate  8  feet  6  inches. 
The  total  height  of  the  walls  from  the  grade  outside  is  68  feet  6  inches. 
At  each  of  the  four  corners  of  the  building  there  is  a  pavilion,  above 
which  rises  a  light  open  spire  or  tower  169  feet  high.  Intermediate  be- 
tween these  corner  pavilions  and  the  central  pavilions  on  the  east  and 


50  GUIDE  TO  THE  WORLD'S  FAIR 

west  sides,  there  is  a  subordinate  pavilion  bearing  a  low  square  dome 
upon  an  open  lantern.  The  Electricity  Building  has  an  open  portico  ex- 
tending along  the  whole  of  the  south  facade,  the  lower  or  Ionic  order 
forming  an  open  screen  in  front  of  it.  The  various  subordinate  pavilions 
are  treated  with  windows  and  balconies.  The  details  of  the  exterior  or- 
ders are  richly  decorated,  and  the  pediments,  friezes,  panels  and  span- 
drils  have  received  a  decoration  of  figures  in  relief,  with  architectural 
motifs,  the  general  tendency  of  which  is  to  illustrate  the  purposes  of  the 
"building.  The  appearance  of  the  exterior  is  that  of  marble,  but  the  walls 
of  the  hemicyle  and  of  the  various  porticos  and  loggia  are  highly  enrich- 
ed with  color,  the  pilaster  in  these  places  being  decorated  with  Scagliola, 
and  the  capitals  with  metallic  effect  in  bronze.  A  great  statue  of  Benja- 
min Franklin  stands  in  front  of  the  entrance  to  this  building.  There  are 
40,000  panes  of  glass  in  this  structure,  or  more  than  in  any  of  the  other 
buildings.  The  following  names  appear  over  the  different  entrances: 
Franklin,  Galvani,  Ampere,  Faraday,  Sturgeon,  Ohm,  Morse,  Siemens, 
Davy,  Volta,  Henry,  Obrsted,  Coulomb,  Ronald,  Page,  Weber,  Gilbert, 
Davenport,  Soemmering,  Don  Silva,  Arago,  Daniell,  Jacobi,  Wheatstone. 
Gauss,  Vail,  Bain,  De  le  Rive,  Joule,  Saussure,  Cooke,  Varley,  Steinheil, 
Guericke,  Iva  Place,  Channing,  Priestly,  Maxwell,  Coxe,  Theles,  Caven- 
dish. It  was  concluded  best  not  to  honor  thus  any  electricians  who  are 
now  living. 

GROUP  NO.  V. 

COURT  OF  HONOR  AND  ITS  SURROUNDINGS  —  ADMINISTRATION  .  BUILDING  — 
MACHINERY    HALL —  TERMINAL    STATION  —  GAS     INDUSTRIES    EXHIBIT 
-M'MONNIES    FOUNTAIN  —  ELECTRIC     FOUNTAINS  —  STATUE    OF    THE 
REPUBLIC. 

ENTRANCE — By  harbor  for  pleasure  craft,  World's  Fair  Steamship 
docks,  or  elevated  railroad.  From  Stony  Island  Avenue  convenient  en- 
trances may  be  had  from  foot  of  62d,  64th  or  67th  streets.  [In  all  instan- 
ces entrance  to  the  Exposition  may  be  made  at  the  northern  end  of  the 
park.  Transportation  over  elevated  railroad  or  by  electric  launches  or 
boats  can  be  had  through  waterways  to  the  extreme  southern  end.  Per- 
sons desirous  of  an  interesting  trip  to  any  point  within  the  enclosure  will 
probably  prefer  making  their  way  through  the  grounds,  rather  than  by 
means  of  transit  on  the  outside.  Steamers  from  the  foot  of  Van  Buren 
street  will,  of  course,  carry  passengers  to  a  point  within  the  grounds  and 
convenient  to  all  of  the  buildings.  However,  as  the  Exposition  covers  a 
wide  area,  the  visitor  should  guard  against  tiresome  walks  at  the  begin- 
ning of  the  day.] 

COURT  OF  HONOR. — The  open  square  surrounding  the  Administration 
building  is  known  as  the  Court  of  Honor.  L<ooking  toward  the  east 
from  the  Administration  building  to  the  front,  is  the  basin.  On  either 
side  rise  four  classic  columns.  In  the  center  close  to  the  bank,  is  the 
celebrated  McMonnies  fountain,  on  either  side  of  which  is  an  Electric 
Fountain.  The  basin  is  lined  on  the  left  by  the  southern  facade  of  the 
Manufactures  Building,  and  on  the  right,  by  the  Agricultural  Building. 


[Engraved  For  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 
WOMAN'S  BUILDING.— WORLD'S  COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION.— ANOTHER  VIEW. 


[Engraved  For  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 
FORESTRY  BUILDING.— WORLD'S  COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION. 


GROUNDS   AND  BUILDINGS.  53 

At  its  extreme  eastern  end  rises  the  great  statue  of  the  Republic.  Between 
the  lake  and  the  vision  crosses  the  beautiful  colonnade  known  as  the 
Peristyle  which  connects  the  Music  Hall  on  the  left  with  the  Casino  on 
the  right.  Beyond  this,  and  out  in  the  lake  is  the  harbor  for  pleasure 
craft.  Coming  back  to  our  immediate  vicinity  again,  on  the  left  of  the 
Administration  Building,  are  the  Electricity  and  Mines  and  Mining 
Buildings.  On  the  right  is  Machinery  Hall.  Forming  a  background  is 
the  beautiful  terminal  Station  of  the  Exposition.  We  have  already 
covered  the  ground  north  of  the  north  line  of  the  Court  of  Honor.  Now, 
let  us  turn  our  attention  to  group  No.  5.  We  naturally  begin  at  what  to 
my  mind  is  the  most  impressive,  the  most  beautiful  building  within  the 
Exposition.  I  allude  to  the 

ADMINISTRATION  BUILDING. —  Dimensions  in  feet,  262x262;  cost, 
$435,000.  This  structure  comes  first  in  alphabetical  order,  but  that  is  its 
proper  place.  It  has  been  justly  pronounced  the  gem  of  all  the  architect- 
ural jewels  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition.  As  one  gazes  on  the 
superb  creation  the  knowledge  that  it  is  constructed  of  material  which  is 
intended  to  last  but  two  years  produces  a  feeling  of  sadness.  Al- 
though it  covers  a  space  but  262  feet  square,  yet  it  is  one  of  the  noblest 
achievements  of  modern  architecture.  It  occupies  the  most  commanding 
position  on  the  Exposition  grounds.  The  building  is  in  the  form  of  four 
pavilions,  84  feet  square,  one  at  each  of  the  four  angles  of  the  square  of 
the  plane,  and  connected  by  a  great  central  dome,  120  feet  in  diameter, 
and  250  feet  high.  In  the  center  of  each  facade  is  a  recess,  32  feet  wide, 
within  which  is  a  grand  entrance  to  the  building.  It  is  a  beautiful  and 
dignified  specimen  of  architecture,  befitting  its  position  among  the  many 
fine  structures  over  which  it  presides.  Its  general  design  is  in  the  style 
of  the  French  renaissance,  carried  out  in  the  academic  manner  of  the 
Ecole  des  Beaux  Arts.  The  first  great  story  is  in  the  Doric  order,  and  of 
heroic  proportions,  surmounted  by  a  lofty  balustrade.  At  the  angles  of 
of  each  pavilion  the  piers  are  crowned  with  sculpture.  Externally,  the 
design  may  be  divided,  in  its  height,  with  three  principal  stages.  The 
first  stage  corresponds  in  height  with  the  buildings  grouped  about  it, 
which  are  about  65  feet  high.  The  second  stage  of  the  same  height  is  a 
continuation  of  the  central  rotunda,  175  feet  square,  surrounded  on  all 
sides  by  an  open  colonnade,  20  feet  wide  and  40  feet  high,  with  columns 
four  feet  in  diameter.  This  colonnade  is  reached  by  elevators.  The  third 
stage  consists  of  the  base  of  the  great  dome,  30  feet  in  height,  and  the 
dome  itself,  rising  in  graceful  lines,  richly  ornamented  with  moulded  ribs 
and  sculptured  panels.  This  dome  is  coated  with  aluminum  bronze,  the  cost 
of  which  was  $54,000,  and  asserts  itself  grandly  at  the  end  of  the  long  vista 
which  opens  up  in  every  direction.  The  four  great  entrances,  one  on 
each  side  of  the  building,  are  50  feet  wide  and  50  feet  high,  deeply  recess- 
ed. On  each  side  of  these  entrances  are  placed  groups  of  sculpture,  of 
emblematic  character.  The  interior  features  rival  in  beauty  the  exterior. 
Between  every  one  of  the  grand  entrances  is  a  hall  30  feet  square,  provid- 
ed with  broad  circular  stairways  and  swift  running  elevators.  The  in- 
terior of  the  dome  is  octagonal  in  form,  the  first  story  being  composed  of 
eight  enormous  arched  openings.  Above  the  arches  is  a  frieze,  27  feet  in 


54  GUIDE  TO  THE   WORLD'S   FAIR 

width,  the  panels  filled  with  tablets,  borne  by  figures  carved  in  relief. 
The  interior  of  the  dome  rises  200  feet  from  the  floor,  and  an  opening  50 
feet  square  admits  a  flow  of  light.  The  under  side  of  the  dome  is  enrich- 
ed with  panels  filled  with  sculpture,  and  immense  paintings,  representing 
the  arts  and  sciences.  In  size  this  rotunda  rivals  if  not  surpasses  the 
most  celebrated  domes  of  like  character  in  the  world.  In  the  four  corner 
puvilions,  which  are  four  stories  high,  are  the  offices  of  the  administra- 
tion, the  fire  and  police  departments,  board  and  committee  rooms,  post- 
office,  bank,  restaurant,  etc.  A  heroic  statue  of  Columbus,  by  L,ouis  St. 
Gaudens,  stands  defore  the  main  entrance  of  the  Administration  building. 
Leaving  this  beautiful  structure  we  next  come  to  the 

MACHINERY  HALL — Dimensions  in  feet,  492x846;  area  in  acres,  9.6; 
annex,  dimensions  in  feet,  490x550 ;  area  in  acres,  6.2 ;  power  house,  di- 
mensions in  feet,  100x461 ;  pumping  works,  dimensions  in  feet.i  77x84 ; 
machine  shop,  dimensions  in  feet,  146x250  ;  area  of  three  last  named  in 
acres,  2.4.  Total  cost,  $1,285,000.  The  main  machinery  building  is  span- 
ned by  three  arched  trusses,  and  the  interior  presents  the  appearance  of 
three  railroad  train  houses  side  by  side,  surrounded  on  all  sides  by  a  50 
foot  gallery.  The  trusses  are  all  built  separately,  in  order  that  they  may 
be  taken  down  and  sold  for  use  as  railroad  train  houses.  In  each  of  these 
three  long  naves  there  is  an  elevated  traveling  crane  running  from  end 
to  end  of  the  building.  This  was  useful  in  moving  machinery  during  con- 
struction, and  when  the  Exposition  opened  platforms  were  placed  on 
them,  and  visitors  can  view  from  these  the  entire  exhibition.  Shafting 
for  power  is  carried  on  the  same  posts  which  support  this  traveling 
bridge.  Steam  power  is  used  throughout  the  main  building,  and  this 
steam  is  supplied  from  a  main  power  house  adjoining  the  south  side  of  the 
building.  The  exterior  towards  the  stock  exhibit  and  the  railroad  is  of 
the  plainest  description  ;  on,  the  two  sides  adjoining  the  grand  court  the 
exterior,  however,  is  rich  and  palatial.  All  the  buildings  on  this  grand 
plaza  were  designed  with  a  view  of  making  an  effective  background  for 
displays  of  every  kind,  and  in  order  to  conform  to  the  general  richness  of 
the  court  and  add  to  the  festal  appearance,  the  two  facades  on  the  court 
are  enriched  with  colonnades  and  other  architectual  features.  The  design 
follows  classical  models  throughout,  the  detail  being  borrowed  from  the  re- 
naissance of  Seville  and  other  Spanish  towns  as  being  appropriate  to  a  Co- 
lumbian celebration.  As  in  all  other  buildings  on  the  court,  an  arcade  on 
the  first  story  permits  passage  around  the  building  under  cover ;  and  as  in 
all  the  other  buildings,  the  fronts  are  formed  of  "staff,"  colored  to  an 
ivory  tone.  The  ceilings  of  the  porticoes  are  emphasized  with  strong 
color.  A  colonnade  with  a  cafe  at  either  end  forms  the  connecting  links 
between  Machinery  and  Agricultural  halls,  and  in  the  center  of  this  colonn- 
ade is  an  arch-way  leading  to  the  cattle  exhibits.  It  is  unnecessary  for  us 
to  describe  the  various  structures  in  the  rear  of  Machinery  Hall,  as  these 
are  alluded  to  in  Group  No.  6.  The  Stock  Pavilion,  the  Stock  Sheds,  etc., 
all  come  under  the  latter  classification.  Directly  in  the  rear  of  the  Ad- 
ministration Building  is  the  beautiful  facade  of  the 

TERMINAL  STATION. — This  building,  although  erected  after  the  man- 
ner of  the  Exposition  structures  in  general,  that  is,  of  wood  and  staff, 


GROUNDS   AND   BUILDINGS.  55 

presents  the  appearance  of  a  solid  stone  structure.  The  front  view  is  a 
charming  one.  It  is  releived  by  large  arches,  arched  windows,  niches, 
statuary,  etc.,  and  harmonizes  splendidly  with  the  palaces  surrounding 
it.  The  entrances  and  exits  are  numerous  and  ample.  To  the  rear  are 
the  immense  train  sheds.  Thirty  thousand  people  can  be  handled  here 
every  hour.  The  waiting  rooms,  toilet  rooms,  ticket  offices,  etc.,  are  all 
handsomely  and  conveniently  arranged  for  the  comfort  of  those  arriving 
and  departing.  Everything  has  been  provided  that  forethought  might 
suggest  for  the  prevention  of  confusion  or  unnecessary  delay.  The  sta- 
tion has  a  frontage  of  150  x  300  feet.  The  Perron  in  its  rear,  and  toward 
which  all  of  the  tracks  converge  has  a  width  of  100x672  feet.  This  is  in 
reality  a  grand  covered  platform.  In  the  vicinity  of  the  grand  Terminal 
Station,  and  around  to  the  left  toward  the  Transportation  Building  are 
the  Cold  Storage,  the  Waukesha  Cooling  House,  and  the  Pennsylvania 
Railway  Exhibit.  Close  to  the  station  is  a  handsome  Fire  Engine  house. 
Directly  west  of  the  Machinery  Annex  is  the 

GAS  INDUSTRIES  EXHIBIT. — Other  and  smaller  buildings  are  scattered 
around,  devoted  to  the  service  of  the  Exposition,  and  to  special  exhibits. 
I  have,  however,  covered  everything  in  this  group  now  which  can  possibly 
interest  you.  But  I  have  not  yet  pointed  out  to  you  the 

McMoNNiES  FOUNTAIN. — This  stands  directly  at  the  head  of  the  basin 
and  in  front  of  the  Administration  Building.  It  was  designed  by  sculptor 
McMonnies  of  New  York,  and  was  executed  in  Paris.  You  will  hear  it 
alluded  to  as  the  Columbia  Fountain.  The  idea  of  the  fountain  is  that  of 
an  apotheosis  of  liberty — Columbia — and  takes  the  shape  of  a  triumphal 
barge,  guided  by  time,  heralded  by  fame,  and  rode  by  eight  standing 
figures,  four  on  each  side,  representing  the  arts,  science,  industry,  agri- 
culture and  commerce.  This  barge  is  preceded  by  eight  sea  horses,  form- 
ing a  circle  directly  in  front  and  mounted  by  eight  young  men  as  out 
riders,  who  represent  modern  commerce.  The  design  of  the  basin  is  cir- 
cular— 150  feet  in  diameter —  and  is  flanked  on  each  side  by  columns  50 
feet  high,  surmounted  by  eagles.  The  water  is  furnished  by  a  great  half 
circle  of  Dolphins  in  the  rear,  and  by  a  system  of  jets  which  entirely  sur- 
round the  barge  and  figures.  At  night  the  fountain  is  illuminated  by 
electricity.  The  smallest  figure  is  some  12  feet  in  height,  and  the  largest 
20  feet.  The  fountain  was  erected  at  a  cost  to  the  United  States  Govern- 
ment of  $50,000.  On  either  side  is  one  of  the  two  great 

ELECTRIC  FOUNTAINS. — The  bases  of  these  great  fountains  almost 
touch  the  McMonnies  fountain.  The  cost  of  the  two  was  $45,000.  They 
were  furnished  by  the  Edison  Electric  Company  of  Chicago.  These  foun- 
tains throw  streams  of  water  150  feet  high,  are  larger  than  the  one  seen  at 
Paris  during  the  last  Exposition,  and  each  is  twice  as  large  as  the  Yerkes 
fountain  at  Lincoln  Park.  At  night  when  these  fountains  are  in  opera- 
tion, the  spectacle  presented  from  any  part  of  the  basin  is  a  magnificent 
one.  At  the  foot  of  the  basin  towers  the  great 

STATUE  OF  THE  REPUBLIC. — This  was  designed  by  Daniel  C.  French, 
of  New  York.  It  is  the  largest  statue  ever  made  in  America.  The  figure 
is  65  feet  high,  and  is  perfect  in  its  symmetry.  The  pedestal  is  built 


56    '  GUIDE  TO  THE  WORLD'S   FAIR 

in  the  water  and  is  35  feet  high  to  the  base  of  the  statue.  Total  height 
from  water  to  top  of  statue  100  feet.  The  arms  and  hands  are  upraised 
toward  the  head.  Liberty  holds  in  her  right  hand  a  globe  on  which  an 
eagle  rests  with  outspread  wings.  The  left  hand  grasps  a  pole  on  top  of 
which  is  a  liberty  cap.  The  features  wear  a  look  of  bright  contentment 
and  happiness.  A  laurel  wreath  rests  on  the  top  of  the  head.  The  drapery 
of  the  statue  lies  in  heavy  folds  on  the  arms  and  shoulders,  and  falls  in 
graceful  curves  on  the  side.  A  corsage  envelopes  the  waist  and  from  it 
depends  a  chain, which  holds  a  sword  on  the  right  side  of  the  figure.  The 
statue  has  a  diadem  of  electric  lights  which  are  illuminated  nightly. 
Directly  back  of  the  statue  is  the  grand  Peristyle  which  is  described  in 
Group  No.  6. 

GROUP  NO.  VI. 

THE  MUSIC  HALL —  PERISTYLE — CASINO — CONVENT  OF  LA  RABIDA — INDIAN 
SCHOOL  —  ETHNOGRAPHICAL  EXHIBIT  —  ANTHROPOLOGICAL  BUILDING 
—  KRUPP  GUN  EXHIBITS  —  LEATHER  BUILDING — EDUCATIONAL  BUILD- 
ING— DAIRY  BUILDING — FORESTRY  BUILDING — AGRICULTURAL  BUILDING 
— STOCK  PAVILION,  AND  EXTREME  SOUTHERN  EXHIBITS. 

ENTRANCE. — By  steamer  line,  by  elevated  railway  or  through  the 
62nd,  64th  or  67th  street  gates  on  Stony  Island  avenue. 

Music  HALL. — The  Music  Hall  is  the  beautiful  building  which  rises 
on  the  Lake  Shore  north  of  the  basin  and  of  the  entrance  to  the  grand 
Colonnade  or  Peristyle,  which  is  connected  with  the  Casino.  This  is  the 
palace  in  which  the  great  orchestras  and  soloists  of  the  world  find  a  home 
during  the  summer.  It  is  designed  in  accordance  with  the  most  tasteful 
regard  to  what  is  known  as  the  Roman  renaissance,  and  yet  it  has  much 
of  the  Grecian  in  its  appearance.  The  building  is  three  stories  high. 
The  main  entrance  is  between  high  Corinthian  columns,  through  a  broad 
loggia,  and  under  arched  doorways.  The  Auditorium  on  the  main  floor 
is  oval  in  shape  with  a  stage  at  the  east  or  lake  end.  Directly  in  front  of 
the  stage  is  a  level  floor  space  capable  of  seating,  perhaps,  1,000  auditors, 
and  back  of  that  rise  terrace  banks  of  seats.  The  hall  seats  2,500  people, 
and  an  orchestra  of  300.  Above  the  terrace  banks  of  seats  on  the  second 
floor  and  west  front  of  the  building  is  the  recital  hall.  I  cannot  pass  this 
building  without  mentioning  the  fact  that  the  management  of  the  Expo- 
sition subscribed  the  princely  sum  of  $175,000  to  cover  the  cost  of  music  in 
this  Music  Hall  and  the  Choral  Hall  referred  to  elsewhere.  Passing 
through  the  magnificent  Peristyle  between  two  double  rows  of  Corin- 
thian columns  and  under  the  beautiful  classic  arch,  surmounted  by  sculp- 
ture, we  find  ourselves  entering 

THE  CASINO. —  The  building  is  uniform  with  that  of  the  Music  Hall 
at  the  other  end  of  the  Peristyle.  Dimensions  240x140  feet.  The  greater 
part  of  the  first  floor  is  used  for  the  comfort  of  visitors.  The  northwest 
corner  is  used  as  a  receiving  room  for  the  Restaurant  and  Cafe  on  the 
floors  above.  The  structure  is  in  the  hands  of  a  company  whose  duty  it  is 
to  see  that  the  building  is  made  one  of  public  comfort.  From  the  center 


[Engraved  For  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 
MINES    AND      MINING      BUILDING. -WORLD'S     COLUMBIAN    EXPOSITION. 


[Ensrraved  For  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 
PALACE    OF    MECHANICAL     ARTS.-WORLD'S     COLUMBIAN    EXPOSITION 


[Engraved  For  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 
MANUFACTURES  AND  LIBERAL  ARTS  BUILDING. 


[Engraved  For  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 
AGRICULTURAL    BUILDING.— WORLD'S    COLUMBIAN    EXPOSITION.-ANOTHER    VIEW. 


GROUNDS   AND  BUILDINGS.  59 

of  the  main  floor  a  grand  stairway,  with  four  approaches,  leads  to  the  floor 
above,  and  this  with  an  exceptional  elevator  service,  furnishes  easy  access 
to  the  great  feature  of  the  Casino,  an  American  restaurant.  This  restau- 
rant is  to  be  what  its  name  signifies,  a  place  where  all  the  good  things  to 
eat  of  this  continent,  may  be  obtained  at  a  reasonable  price.  This  is  a 
cafe  for  ladies  or  ladies  accompanied  by  gentlemen.  A  great  cafe  for 
gentlemen  is  provided  on  the  floor  above.  Leaving  the  Casino,  we  come 
to  the 

CONVENT  OF  LA  RABIDA. — It  may  be  remembered  that  early  in  1492 
Columbus,  while  travelling  on  foot  in  a  destitute  condition,  applied  for 
foot  at  the  Franciscan  convent  of  La  Rabida  in  Spain,  and  was  kindly 
and  hospitably  received.  The  prior  of  the  institution,  Father  de  March ena, 
was  a  man  not  only  of  education  and  culture,  but  of  large  influence  with 
Queen  Isabella.  Columbus  explained  his  plans  for  the  discovery  of  the 
new  continent  to  the  prior,  who  became  interested,  and  secured  for  him  a 
reception  at  the  court  of  Ferdinand  and  Isabella,  who  were  then  in  camp 
with  the  beseiging  army  in  front  of  Grenada.  There  is  little  doubt  but 
that  for  the  timely  assistance  of  the  good  Abbot,  Columbus  would  have 
completely  failed  in  his  efforts  to  secure  assistance  to  discover  the  new 
world,  as  he  had  previously  failed  in  his  endeavors  to  obtain  aid  from  the 
governments  of  Spain  and  Portugal.  The  fac-simile  erected  here  cost 
$50,000.  Leaving  the  convent  and  walking  a  little  to  the  left,  we  come  to 
the 

INDIAN  SCHOOL. — A  handsome  little  building  provided  for  an  illustra- 
tion of  the  work  done  by  the  United  States  Government  in  educating  the 
Indian  children.  Directly  south  of  this  is  the 

ETHNOGRAPHICAL  EXHIBIT. — This  exhibit  is  one  of  the  most  inter- 
esting on  the  grounds.  Here  we  find  the  Indians  of  the  American  conti- 
nent, representatives  of  every  type  and  of  every  advance  from  utter  bar- 
barism to  semi-civilization.  At  this  point  also,  we  come  to  the 

ANTHROPOLOGICAL  BUILDING. — Anthropology  in  plain  English  means 
"  Man  and  his  Works,"  and  this  beautiful  special  building  was  erected  to 
illustrate  this  classification  in  Ethnography.  One  of  the  chief  features 
of  the  exhibit  is  a  laboratory  occupying  space  200  feet  long  and  40  feet 
wide,  where  is  shown  a  systematic  review  of  the  whole  field  of  physical 
Anthropology,  and  its  bearing  upon  allied  sciences,  and  particularly  upon 
education.  Directly  east  is  the  great 

KRUPP  GUN  EXHIBIT. — This  exhibit  faces  the  Lake  Shore,  and  is, 
of  course,  one  of  the  greatest  attractions  of  the  Exposition.  Directly  north 
of  it  is  the 

LEATHER  BUILDING. — This  building  was  erected  for  the  Shoe  and 
Leather  Industry  exhibit.  The  structure  alone  cost  $100,000.  Leather 
dealers  and  manufacturers  in  all  parts  of  the  country  contributed  toward 
the  fund.  It  was  designed  by  Sandier,  an  eminent  French  architect. 
Dimensions  150x575  feet.  It  contains  everything  in  the  way  of  leather 
and  the  products  of  leather  exhibited  at  the  Fair.  The  most  improved 
machinery  used  in  leather  manufacture  is  shown.  The  visitor  may  watch 
the  process  from  the  raw  hide  to  a  finished  shoe  or  dainty  slipper.  Rub- 


.60  GUIDE  TO  THE   WORLD'S   FAIR 

ber  goods  are  also  shown   in.  this  beautiful  building-.     A  building-  con- 
structed to  harmonize  with  this  structure  is  the 

EDUCATIONAL  BUILDING. — Dimensions  260x425  feet ;  ground  area  110,- 
500  feet.  To  this  is  added  galleries  furnishing  about  40,000  feet  more. 
The  site  is  just  west  of  the  Forestry  building.  Northeast  of  it  are  the 
Shoe  and  L/eather  and  Dairy  Buildings.  South  of  it  are  the  Car  Barns  and 
Dairy  Barns,  the  sewage  cleansing  works  and  the  garbage  plants.  West 
of  this  location  are  the  forty  acres  of  Stock  Sheds.  It  was  originally  in- 
tended to  find  a  place  in  the  Manufactures  and  Liberal  Arts  Building,  but 
immense  as  that  building  is,  it  was  unable  to  accomodate  the  exhibits  of 
this  special  department.  All  the  schools  of  the  country  are  represented 
here,  as  well  as  school  book  publishing  houses,  school  furniture  houses, 
etc.,  and  a  kindergarten  in  active  operation,  may  be  seen  daily.  Close  to 
us  is  the 

DAIRY  BUILDING. — Dimensions  in  feet,  100x200 ;  cos  t,  $30,000.  The 
Dairy  building,  by  reason  of  the  exceptionally  novel  and  interesting  ex- 
hibits it  contains,  is  quite  sure  to  be  regarded  with  great  favor  by  World's 
Fair  visitors  in  general,  while  by  agriculturists  it  will  be  considered  one 
of  the  most  useful  and  attractive  features  of  the  whole  Exposition.  It  was 
designed  to  contain  not  only  a  complete  exhibit  of  dairy  products,  but  also 
a  dairy  school,  in  connection  with  which  will  be  conducted  a  series  of 
tests  for  determining  the  relative  merits  of  different  breeds  of  dairy  cattle 
as  milk  and  butter  producers.  The  building  stands  near  the  lake  shore  in 
the  southeastern  part  of  the  park,  and  close  by  the  general  live  stock  ex- 
hibit. On  the  first  floor  besides  office  headquarters,  there  is  in  front  a 
large  open  space  devoted  to  exhibits  of  butter,  and  farther  back  an  operat- 
ing room  25x100  feet,  in  which  the  model  dairy  is  conducted.  On  two  sides 
of  this  room  are  amphitheatre  seats  capable  of  accommodating  400  spec- 
tators. Under  these  seats  are  refrigerators  and  cold  storage  rooms  for 
the  dairy  products.  The  operating-room,  which  extends  to  the  roof,  has 
on  three  sides  a  gallery  where  the  cheese  exhibits  are  placed.  The  rest  of 
the  second  story  is  devoted  to  a  cafe,  which  opens  on  a  balcony  overlook- 
ing the  lake.  The  dairy  school,  it  is  believed,  will  be  most  instructive  and 
valuable  to  agriculturists.  Passing  around  the  Dairy  Building  we  come 
to  the  extreme  southern  Building  of  the  Exposition,  the 

FORESTRY  BUILDING. — Dimension  in  feet,  208x528  ;  cost  $100,000,  The 
Forestry  building  is,  perhaps,  the  most  unique  of  all  the  Exposition  struc- 
tures. To  a  remarkable  degree  its  architecture  is  of  the  rustic  order. 
On  all  four  sides  of  the  building  is  a  veranda,  supporting  the  roof  of 
which  is  a  colonnade  consisting  of  a  series  of  columns  composed  of  three 
trunks,  each  25  feet  in  length,  one  of  them  from  16  to  20  inches  in  diame- 
ter and  the  others  smaller.  All  of  these  trunks  are  left  in  their  natural 
state,  with  bark  undisturbed.  They  are  contributed  by  the  different 
States  and  Territories  of  the  Union  and  by  foreign  countries,  each  furnish- 
ing specimens  of  its  most  characteristic  trees.  The  sides  of  the  building 
are  constructed  of  slabs  with  the  bark  removed.  The  window  frames  are 
treated  in  the  same  rustic  manner  as  is  the  rest  of  the  building.  The 
main  entrance  is  elaborately  finished  in  different  kinds  of  wood,  the  mate- 


GROUNDS  AND   BUILDINGS.  61 

rial  and  workmanship  being  contributed  by  the  wood  workers  of  the 
world.  The  other  entrances  are  finished  artistically  to  represent  the 
woods  of  the  different  countries  and  regions.  The  roof  is  thatched  with 
tanbark  and  other  barks.  The  interior  of  the  building  is  finished  in 
various  woods  in  a  way  to  show  their  beautiful  graining  and  susceptibility 
to  polish.  The  Forestry  building  contains  a  most  varied  exhibition  of 
forest  products  in  general — the  most  complete  which  could  be  gathered 
together.  It  contains  logs  and  sections  of  trees,  worked  lumber  in  the 
form  of  shingles,  flooring,  casing,  etc.  There  are  shown  here  dye  woods 
and  barks,  mosses,  galls,  abnormal  woody  products,  lichens,  vegetable 
substances  used  for  bedding  and  upholstery,  gums,  resins,  vegetable, 
ivory,  cocoanut  shells,  gourds,  wood  pulp,  rattan,  willowware  and  wooden- 
ware  generally,  such  as  pails,  tubs,  brooms,  etc.  There  is  also  an  exceed- 
ingly interesting  monographic  display  by  the  different  States,  in  which 
their  characteristic  woods  are  most  effectively  and  beautifully  shown.  In 
itself  and  in  the  exhibits  it  contains  it  illustrates  the  forestry  wealth  of 
the  world,  and  particularly  of  the  United  States.  No  forestry  display 
was  ever  made  before  which  approaches  this  in  extent  or  completeness. 
If  we  return  by  the  Lake  Shore  we  may  enter  at  the  extreme  eastern  end, 
the 

AGRICULTURAL  BUILDING. — Dimensions  in  feet,  500x800 ;  area  in  acres, 
9.2 ;  cost  with  annex  (300x500),  $618,000.  This  is  one  of  the  most  magnifi- 
cent and  striking  structures  of  the  Exposition.  It  stands  very  near  the 
shore  of  Lake  Michigan.  Its  longest  dimensions  are  east  and  west.  For 
a  single  story  building  the  design  is  bold  and  heroic.  The  general  cornice 
line  is  65  feet  above  grade.  On  either  side  of  the  main  entrance  are  mam- 
moth Corinthian  pillars,  50  feet  high  and  5  feet  in  diameter.  On  either 
corner  and  from  the  center  of  the  building  pavilions  are  reared,  the  center 
one  being  144  feet  square.  The  corner  pavilions  are  connected  by  curtains, 
forming  a  continuous  arcade  around  the  top  of  the  building.  The  main 
entrance  leads  through  an  opening  64  feet  wide  into  a  vestibule,  from 
which  entrance  is  had  to  the  rotunda,  100  feet  in  diameter.  This  is  sur- 
mounted by  a  mammoth  glass  dome  130  feet  high.  All  through  the  main 
vestibule  statuary  has  been  designed  illustrative  of  the  agricultural  in- 
dustry. Similar  designs  are  grouped  about  all  the  grand  entrances  in  the 
most  elaborate  manner.  The  corner  pavilions  are  surmounted  by  domes 
96  feet  high,  and  above  these  tower  groups  of  statuary.  The  design  of 
these  domes  is  that  of  three  female  figures  of  herculean  proportions,  sup- 
porting a  mammoth  globe.  The  artistic  adornment  of  the  Agricultural 
Building  has  been  lavish  and  costly.  Some  of  the  greatest  living  artists 
have  been  employed  in  the  embellishments  of  the  domes.  The  sculpture 
on  the  roofs  attracts  universal  attention.  The  beautiful  statue  of  Diana 
which  swings  as  a  weather  vane  above  the  central  dome  is  one  of  the 
great  attractions  of  the  Exposition.  No  expense  nor  pains  have  been 
spared  to  make  the  Agricultural  Building  worthy  in  every  particular  of 
the  mighty  interests  which  it  represents.  To  the  south  of  this  great  build- 
ing, as  you  pass  through  the  main  aisles  is  a  spacious  structure  sometimes 
called  the  Live  Stock  and  Agricultural  Assembly  Hall,  but  known  on  the 
map,  and  familiarly  as  the 
I 


>62  GUIDE  TO  THE  WORLD'S  FAIR 

STOCK  PAVILION. — This  building  is  conveniently  near  one  of  the  sta- 
tions of  the  elevated  railway.  On  the  first  floor,  near  the  main  entrance 
of  the  building,  is  located  a  bureau  of  information.  This  floor  also  con- 
tains suitable  committee  and  other  rooms  for  the  different  live-stock  asso- 
ciations. On  this  floor  there  are  also  large  and  handsomely  equipped 
waiting-rooms.  Broad  stairways  lead  from  the  first  floor  into  the  Assem- 
bly-room, which  has  a  seating  capacity  of  1,500.  Farmers,  Farmers' 
Alliances,  and  other  rural  organizations  are  provided  for  in  this  building. 
It  was  intended  that  the  farmers  shall  have  nothing  of  which  to  complain 
in  regard  to  their  reception  and  treatment  by  the  World's  Fair  manage- 
ment. The  entire  structure  has  been  so  planned  as  to  give  the  farmers 
and  live-stock  men  generally  all  they  could  ask  in  the  way  of  accommoda- 
tions at  the  World's  Fair.  The  building  in  form  represents  the  letter  T, 
one  portion  being  500  feet  long,  and  the  other  200  feet.  The  Assembly- 
room  furnishes  facilities  for  lectures,  delivered  by  gentlemen  eminent  in 
their  special  fields  of  work,  embracing  every  interest  connected  with  live 
stock,  agriculture  and  allied  industries.  We  are  now  practically  beyond 
the  pale  of  the  main  buildings.  Standing  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  Stock 
Pavilion,  we  have  a  view  of  the  Saw  Mill  and  Machine  Shops  connected 
in  the  rear  with  the  Machinery  Building.  If  we  walk  around  to  the 
eastern  side,  we  are  close  to  the 

AGRICULTURAL  IMPLEMENT*  EXHIBIT. — On  the  west  bank  of  the  South 
Pond.  A  little  below  is  the 

WIND  MILL  EXHIBIT. — At  the  southern  end  of  the  South  Pond  is  the 

AGRICULTURAL  EXHIBIT  OF  THE  FRENCH  COLONIES. — If  we  walk  past 
this  exhibit,  we  will  find  ourselves  in  front  of  the 

STOCK  SHEDS. — These  sheds  extend  from  the  railroad  terminals  almost 
to  the  L/ake  Shore.  Here,  may  be  found  the  exhibits  of  live  stock  from  all 
parts  of  the  world.  West  of  the  Sheds  are  Ware  Houses  and  a  Hotel  for 
stock  men.  East  of  them  are  the  great  Dairy  Barns,  Car  House,  Power 
Houses,  etc.  To  the  Agricultural  visitor,  perhaps,  this  section  of  the 
Exposition  will  have  extraordinary  interests.  For  the  general  visitor, 
however,  this  section  will  appear  tame  in  comparison  with  the  more 
northern  portions.  I  have  now  conducted  you  through  the  entire  Exposi- 
tion. I  have  not  pointed  out  the  thousands  of  beautiful  things  in  the 
grounds  and  buildings,  because  they  cannot  escape  your  notice.  The 
sculpture  on  all  the  buildings  is  grand.  The  Landscape  Gardening  is 
beautiful.  The  water  system  must  command  the  admiration  of  all.  In 
the  next  group — No.  7, 1  will  try  to  Guide  you  through  the  special  exhibits 
of  Midway  Plaisance. 


[Engraved  For  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 
ELECTRICITY  BUILDING.-WORLD'S    COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION. 


msu 


Engraved  For  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 
ART   INSTITUTE  OF  CHICAGO. -LAKE  FRONT. 


[Engraved  For  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 
ART  BUILDING.- WORLD'S  COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION. 


:&-&&&•• 

.:;-r*e;i*->-  fc&Sfe 


[Engraved  For  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 
HORTICULTURAL  BUILDING.— WORLD'S  COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION. 


GROUNDS   AND  BUILDINGS.  65- 

GROUP  NO.  VII. 

THE  MIDWAY  PLAISANCE  AND  ITS  WONDERFUL  ATTRACTIONS— A  UNIQUE 
COLLECTION  OF  STRANGE  THINGS,  AND  STRANGE  PEOPLE  FROM 
STRANGE  LANDS  —  THE  BAZAARS,  VILLAGES,  PALACES  —  THE  FERRIS 
WHEEL — THE  NATATORIUM — THE  GLASS  WORKS,  ETC.,  ETC. 

ENTRANCE. — From  the  Cottage  Grove  Avenue  Cable  L<ine  at  the 
western  end  of  the  Plaisance.  At  this  point  may  be  taken  the  Intramural 
lyine  which  runs  parallel  with  60th  street.  Entrance  may  be  had  also  to 
the  Plaisance  from  the  Exposition  grounds  proper  at  the  gateways  be- 
tween 59th  and  60th  street,  or  via  the  Intramural  railway  depot,  corner 
60th  and  Stony  Island  Avenue.  Visitors  may  enter  the  entire  Exposition 
through  Midway  Plaisance.  We  will  enter  from  Cottage  Grove  avenue, 
passing  through  the  bazaars  of  nations  and  taking  the  covered  walk  to- 
ward the  east.  The  first  attraction  is  the 

BAZAAR  OF  NATIONS. — This  branches  to  either  side  of  the  Plaisance, 
and  is  what  its  name  implies,  a  bazaar  of  nations.  Here  the  people  of  all 
countries  may  be  found  at  booths,  dispensing  curiosities  of  various  de- 
grees of  cheapness  or  costliness,  as  the  case  may  be,  and  of  as  many  vari- 
ous degrees  of  attraction.  Everything  in  the  way  of  curious  things,  and 
little  in  the  way  of  useful  things  may  be  found  in  this  bazaar.  Here  you 
may  deal  if  you  choose,  with  a  Turkish,  a  Nubian  or  a  Georgian  maiden; 
with  the  fair  daughters  of  Europe,  Africa,  Asia,  Australia,  and  North  and 
South  America,  with  the  Hindoo,  the  Buddhist,  the  Mahommedan,  or  the 
Christian.  As  an  exhibit,  the  bazaar  is  an  interesting  one.  It  is  also  a 
good  place  to  spend  your  extra  change.  Passing  on,  we  come  to  the  site 
of  the 

IRISH  VILLAGE  AND  CASTLE. — Where  the  peasantry  of  the  Emerald 
Isle  will  show  you  the  Blarney  Stone  and  help  you  to  kiss  it  for  a  small 
consideration.  Here,  laces,  and  the  peculiar  product  of  Ireland  are  offered 
for  sale.  Opposite  is  the 

INDIAN  VILLAGE. — Where  the  red  man  will  amuse  you  with  games  or 
exchange  for  your  small  change  beaded  material,  arrows,  moccasins,  etc. 
Next  comes  the 

CAPTIVE  BALLOON  GROUNDS. — Where  you  may  take  an  ascension  into 
the  blue  atmosphere  for  a  price  not  named  in  the  circulars.  Balloons 
ascend  every  few  minutes.  It  is  unnecessary  to  say  that  they  have  strings 
to  them.  On  the  left  also,  we  next  come  to  the 

CHINESE  VILLAGE  AND  THEATER. — The  Chinese  Village  is  a  coun- 
terpart of  one  shown  at  the  Paris  Exhibition.  Chinese  acrobats  and  jug- 
glers entertain  the  visitor.  Curiosities  are  also  offered  for  sale.  Matinees 
are  given  in  the  theater  and  performances  at  night.  The  average  Chinese 
play  continues  for  six  months,  so  that  you  will  not  have  an  opportunity  of 
seeing,  perhaps,  whether  the  villian  or  the  innocent  heroine  comes  out 
ahead.  On  the  right  hand  side  is  the 

AUSTRALIAN  VILLAGE. — This  is  one  of  the  largest  and  best  of  special 
exhibits.  It  received  the  encouragement  and  patronage  of  the  Austrian 
Imperial  family.  It  has  been  arranged  so  that  the  delusion  is  complete, 


66  GUIDE  TO  THE   WORLD'S   FAIR 

and  one  imagines  himself  in  the  center  of  the  Austrian  Empire,  in'  an 
Agricultural  village  surrounded  by  native  peasantry.  There  are  castles 
of  the  feudal  period,  historical  relics,  games,  and  everything  likely  to 
amuse  and  entertain  you.  "We  pass  on  to  the  Ice  Railway  and  Skating 
Rink  on  the  right,  where  skating  may  be  indulged  in  during  the  hot  sum- 
mer months.  Opposite  on  the  left  is  the  exhibit  of 

ALGIERS  AND  TUNIS. — Where  an  oriental  display  is  made  that  is  well 
worthy  of  our  attention.  Here,  we  are  brought  to  a  stop  by  the  great 

FERRIS  WHEEL. — This  mammoth  piece  of  mechanism  is  to  the  World's 
Columbian  Exposition  what  the  Eiffel  Tower  was  to  the  last  Paris  Exhibi- 
tion. It  is  in  the  form  of  two  gigantic  bicyle  wheels  each  264  feet  in  dia- 
meter. Between  these,  36  cars  each  larger  than  a  Pullman  coach  are  sus- 
pended. When  the  wheel  goes  round  on  its  33  inch  steel  axle,  it  carries 
the  people  in  the  coaches  up  to  a  point  within  a  foot  of  that  of  the  dome  of 
the  Administration  Building,  the  highest  point  on  the  grounds.  From 
the  windows  of  the  coaches  the  whole  Exposition,  and  indeed  the  whole 
of  Chicago  with  the  country  for  miles  around  may  be  seen  spreading  out 
like  a  panorama.  The  structure  weighs  4,300  tons,  and  of  this  2,600  tons 
are  in  motion  and  under  control  of  machinery  when  the  wheel  is  revol- 
ving. It  is  made  of  steel.  The  wheel  is  supported  by  two  towers  137  feet 
high.  When  all  the  cars  are  loaded,  it  carries  1,260  persons  through  the 
circuit.  The  cars  are  made  of  steel  and  wood.  The  Ferris  Wheel  re- 
volves on  the  largest  piece  of  steel  ever  forged.  This  axle  is  33  inches  in 
diameter,  more  than  45  feet  long,  weighs  56  tons  and  cost  $35,000.  A 
tornado  might  tear  through  the  park  at  a  velocity  of  100  miles  an  hour, 
and  not  shake  the  structure.  Three  thousand  incandescent  lights  of 
various  colors  are  arranged  in  groups  on  the  rods  and  around  the  crown  of 
the  wheel.  These  are  alternately  extinguished  and  relighted  at  night  as 
the  wheel  revolves,  giving  it  the  appearance  of  a  monstrous  display  of 
pyrotechnics.  We  pass  on,  however,  to  the  left,  and  the  first  attraction 
east  of  the  Ferris  Wheel  is  the 

STREET  IN  CAIRO. — A  similar  exhibit  was  made  in  Paris,  and  it  at- 
tracted hundreds  of  thousands  of  people.  It  is  an  exact  reproduction  of 
one  of  the  most  ancient  streets  in  the  Ancient  Egyptian  city.  Everything 
that  is  typical  of  Cairo  has  been  brought  over.  The  Moslems  who  attend 
to  the  bazaars  and  to  the  mosques  inside,  are  the  same  old  lazy  Moslems 
one  finds  in  Cairo  and  Alexandria.  Services  are  held  in  the  Mosque,  to 
which  visitors  are  admitted.  There  is  a  large  exhibit  of  Mummies  here, 
and  other  cheerful  things  to  remind  one  of  the  reign  of  Rameses  II. 
Crossing  to  the  other  side  of  the  Plaisance,  we  come  to  the 

MOORISH  PALACE. — This  is  pronounced  on  all  hands  the  most  inter- 
esting exhibit  on  the  Plaisance,  partly  because  of  the  beauty  of  its  archi- 
tecture, and  of  the  exhibition  which  it  contains.  The  building,  strange  to 
say,  was  designed  by  August  Fiedler,  a  Chicago  architect.  Among  the 
exhibits  is  a  palm  garden  with  its  contiguous  labyrinth  copied  from  the 
famous  Alhambra  at  Granada.  The  splendid  appointments,  elaborate 
decorations,  and  fine  groups  in  wax,  which  pictures  the  palace  as  it  stood 
in  the  days  of  its  Arabian  owners,  realize  the  pen  pictures  of  Washington 


GROUNDS  AND    BUILDING^  67 

Irving  Asthevisitor  steps  into  thepalm  garden,  ha  finds  himself  in  what 
appeals  to  be  a  boundless  space.  Far  as  the  eye  can  reach,  the  ingeniously 
arranged  mii  -roi  •<  create  the  illusion  of  endless  rows  of  stately  palms,  cast- 
in  g  their  shade  over  hundreds  of  lifelike  figures  in  the  gaudy  costumes  of  the 
lords  of  he  desert.  There  are  so  many  attractive  and  enchanting  things 
to  be  seen  here  that  I  must  forego  the  pleasure  of  describing  them.  We 
pass  on  to  the 

TURKISH  VILLAGE. —  Here  we  find  that  elaborate  preparations  have 
been  made  for  our  reception.  The  Turkish  Government  has  taken  a  deep 
interest  in  this  exhibit.  We  are  surrounded  on  all  sides  by  mosques  and 
minarets.  One  might  easily  imagine  himself  on  the  banks  of  the  Bos- 
phorus.  Turks  dressed  in  their  native  costumes  are  to  be  seen  along  the 

STREET  IN  CONSTANTINOPLE. —  Everything  is  as  real  as  it  could  pos- 
sibly be  made.  Bazaars  may  be  found  here  in  abundance,  and  there  is 
ample  opportunity  for  spending  a  dollar  or  two  in  curiosities.  Opposite 
on  the  left  hand  side  is  the 

GERMAN  VILLAGE. —  Extraordinary  space  was  given  to  this  conces- 
sion, and  it  is  deserving  of  all  the  room  it  occupies.  Inside  is  represented 
not  only  the  Germany  of  the  feudal  times,  with  its  walled  city  and  baro- 
nial castles,  but  the  Germany  of  to-day,  with  all  its  progress,  force  and 
enlightenment.  Here,  one  may  traverse  a  district  made  to  represent  a 
German  Village,  with  all  of  its  accessories,  including  the  ancient  castle, 
the  beer  hall  and  the  cross  roads  dancing  pavilion.  The  representation 
of  scenes  in  Germany  is  perfect.  German  peasants  from  the  Black  For- 
est, as  well  as  from  the  more  progressive  districts  in  the  Empire  are  pre- 
sent to  wait  on  you.  Amusements  of  all  kinds  are  going  on  inside  in  a 
pleasant  German  fashion.  There  is  good  music,  abundance  of  beer,  and 
refreshments  of  every  description  to  be  had  here.  To  our  right,  farther 
down,  we  come  to  the 

NATATORIUM. —  And  next  to  the 

DUTCH  SETTLEMENT. —  Which  occupies  space  on  both  sides  of  the 
Plaisance.  Next  on  the  left,  is  the 

JAPANESE  BAZAAR. —  And  next,  the  exhibit  of  the 

LfiBBEY  GLASS  COMPANY. — All  of  these  last  named  are  interesting. 
On  the  opposite  side  is 

HAGENBECK'S  ZOOLOGICAL  ARENA. —  Which  is  attracting  hundreds  of 
thousands.  This  is  a  great  animal  show  and  circus,  conducted  after  the 
manner  of  the  permanent  circuses  in  Paris  and  Berlin. 

RESTAURANTS. — The  restaurants  along  the  Midway  Plaisance  have  a 
capacity  for  feeding  16,000  people  at  one  time. 

ARCHITECTURE. — The  Architecture  and  general  appearance  of  the 
Plaisance  exhibits  are  very  attractive. 

PRICES  OP  ADMISSION. —  Prices  of  admission  vary.  The  rates  will  be 
from  25  to  50  cents. 

TIME  REQUIRED. —  To  see  the  attractions  of  the  Midway  Plaisance 
comfortably,  one  week  should  be  given  to  the  excursion.  There  are  some 
attractions  which  are  not  mentioned  here,  but  the  principal  ones  are  given. 


GERMAN  BUILDING. 


.  VICTORIA  HOUSE  (British  Building- ) 


TP 
500 


4 


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OF  THE 


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ENTIFIC  GONSTROCTION. 


(THE  ONLY  STRICTLY 

HIGH  GRADE  PIANO 

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IN  CHICAGO.) 


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215  WABASH  AVE. 


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